King James A, Garnham Jack O, Jackson Andrew P, Kelly Benjamin M, Xenophontos Soteris, Nimmo Myra A
School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK; Leicester-Loughborough Diet, Lifestyle & Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit, UK.
School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK.
Physiol Behav. 2015 Mar 15;141:23-31. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.12.050. Epub 2015 Jan 3.
Exercise increases energy expenditure however acutely this does not cause compensatory changes in appetite or food intake. This unresponsiveness contrasts the rapid counter-regulatory changes seen after food restriction. The present investigation examined whether corrective changes in appetite-regulatory parameters occur after a time delay, namely, on the day after a single bout of exercise. Nine healthy males completed two, two-day trials (exercise & control) in a random order. On the exercise trial participants completed 90 min of moderate-intensity treadmill running on day one (10:30-12:00h). On day two appetite-regulatory hormones and subjective appetite perceptions were assessed frequently in response to two test meals provided at 08:00 and 12:00 h. Identical procedures occurred in the control trial except no exercise was performed on day one. Circulating levels of leptin were reduced on the day after exercise (AUC 5841 ± 3335 vs. 7266 ± 3949 ng(-1)·mL(-1)·7h, P=0.012). Conversely, no compensatory changes were seen for circulating acylated ghrelin, total PYY, insulin or appetite perceptions. Unexpectedly, levels of acylated ghrelin were reduced on the exercise trial following the second test meal on day two (AUC 279 ± 136 vs. 326 ± 136 pg(-1)·mL(-1)·3h, P=0.021). These findings indicate that short-term energy deficits induced by exercise initially prompt a compensatory response by chronic but not acute hormonal regulators of appetite and energy balance. Within this 24h time-frame however there is no conscious recognition of the perturbation to energy balance.
运动可增加能量消耗，然而短期内这并不会引起食欲或食物摄入量的代偿性变化。这种无反应性与食物限制后迅速出现的反调节变化形成对比。本研究调查了食欲调节参数的纠正性变化是否会在一段时间延迟后出现，即单次运动后的第二天。九名健康男性以随机顺序完成了两项为期两天的试验（运动试验和对照试验）。在运动试验中，参与者在第一天（10:30 - 12:00）完成了90分钟的中等强度跑步机跑步。在第二天，针对上午8:00和12:00提供的两顿测试餐，频繁评估食欲调节激素和主观食欲感受。对照试验采用相同程序，只是第一天不进行运动。运动后第二天，瘦素的循环水平降低（曲线下面积5841 ± 3335 vs. 7266 ± 3949 ng(-1)·mL(-1)·7小时，P = 0.012）。相反，循环中的酰基化胃饥饿素、总肽YY、胰岛素或食欲感受均未出现代偿性变化。出乎意料的是，在运动试验中，第二天第二次测试餐后酰基化胃饥饿素水平降低（曲线下面积279 ± 136 vs. 326 ± 136 pg(-1)·mL(-1)·3小时，P = 0.021）。这些发现表明，运动引起的短期能量不足最初会促使食欲和能量平衡的慢性而非急性激素调节因子产生代偿反应。然而，在这24小时的时间范围内，并没有对能量平衡的扰动产生有意识的认知。
