Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Noll Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Sports Med. 2017 Sep;47(9):1721-1737. doi: 10.1007/s40279-017-0706-2.
Despite the severity and prevalence of iron deficiency in exercising women, few published reports have explored how iron deficiency interacts with another prevalent and severe condition in exercising women: the 'female athlete triad.' This review aims to describe how iron deficiency may interact with each component of the female athlete triad, that is, energy status, reproductive function, and bone health. The effects of iron deficiency on energy status are discussed in regards to thyroid function, metabolic fuel availability, eating behaviors, and energy expenditure. The interactions between iron deficiency and reproductive function are explored by discussing the potentially impaired fertility and hyperprolactinemia due to iron deficiency and the alterations in iron metabolism due to menstrual blood loss and estrogen exposure. The interaction of iron deficiency with bone health may occur via dysregulation of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis, hypoxia, and hypothyroidism. Based on these discussions, several future directions for research are presented.
尽管缺铁在运动女性中很严重且很常见，但很少有已发表的报告探讨缺铁如何与运动女性中另一种普遍且严重的情况相互作用：“女性运动员三联征”。本综述旨在描述缺铁如何与女性运动员三联征的每个组成部分相互作用，即能量状态、生殖功能和骨骼健康。讨论了缺铁对甲状腺功能、代谢燃料可用性、饮食行为和能量消耗的影响，以探讨其对能量状态的影响。通过讨论缺铁引起的生育能力受损和高催乳素血症以及由于月经失血和雌激素暴露引起的铁代谢改变，探讨了缺铁与生殖功能之间的相互作用。缺铁与骨骼健康的相互作用可能通过生长激素/胰岛素样生长因子-1 轴的失调、缺氧和甲状腺功能减退发生。基于这些讨论，提出了几个未来的研究方向。
