血流限制运动对肥胖成年人 N-乳酰基苯丙氨酸和食欲调节的影响：一项交叉设计研究。

BACKGROUND: N-lactoylphenylalanine (Lac-Phe) is a new form of "exerkines" closely related to lactate (La), which may be able to inhibit appetite. Blood flow restriction (BFR) can lead to local tissue hypoxia and increase lactate accumulation. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of combining Moderate-intensity Continuous Exercise (MICE) with BFR on Lac-Phe and appetite regulation in obese adults. METHODS: This study employed the cross-design study and recruited 14 obese adults aged 18-24 years. The participants were randomly divided into three groups and performed several tests with specific experimental conditions: (1) M group (MICE without BFR, 60%VO, 200 kJ); (2) B group (MICE with BFR, 60%VO, 200 kJ); and (3) C group (control session without exercise). Participants were given a standardized meal 60 min before exercise and a ad libitum 60 min after exercise. In addition, blood and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were collected before, immediately after, and 1 hour after performing the exercise. RESULTS: No significant difference in each index was detected before exercise. After exercise, the primary differential metabolites detected in the M and B groups were xanthine, La, succinate, Lac-Phe, citrate, urocanic acid, and myristic acid. Apart from that, the major enrichment pathways include the citrate cycle, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism. The enhanced Lac-Phe and La level in the B group was higher than M and C groups. Hunger of the B group immediately after exercise substantially differed from M group. The total ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1 and hunger in the B group 1 hour after exercise differed substantially from M group. The results of calorie intake showed no significant difference among the indexes in each group. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, this cross-design study demonstrated that the combined MICE and BFR exercise reduced the appetite of obese adults by promoting the secretion of Lac-Phe and ghrelin. However, the exercise did not considerably affect the subsequent ad libitum intake.

背景：N-乳酰苯丙氨酸（Lac-Phe）是一种与乳酸（La）密切相关的新型“外泌体”，可能能够抑制食欲。血流限制（BFR）可导致局部组织缺氧和乳酸积累增加。因此，本研究探讨了中强度连续运动（MICE）与 BFR 联合应用于肥胖成年人的 Lac-Phe 和食欲调节的影响。

方法：本研究采用交叉设计研究，招募了 14 名年龄在 18-24 岁的肥胖成年人。参与者随机分为三组，并在特定的实验条件下进行了多项测试：（1）M 组（无 BFR 的 MICE，60%VO，200kJ）；（2）B 组（有 BFR 的 MICE，60%VO，200kJ）；（3）C 组（无运动的对照期）。参与者在运动前 60 分钟给予标准餐，运动后 60 分钟给予随意饮食。此外，在运动前、运动后即刻和运动后 1 小时采集血液和视觉模拟量表（VAS）。

结果：运动前各组各项指标均无显著差异。运动后，M 组和 B 组检测到的主要差异代谢物为黄嘌呤、La、琥珀酸、Lac-Phe、柠檬酸、尿刊酸和肉豆蔻酸。此外，主要的富集途径包括柠檬酸循环、丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢。B 组 Lac-Phe 和 La 水平的升高明显高于 M 组和 C 组。B 组运动后即刻的饥饿感明显不同于 M 组。B 组运动后 1 小时的总胃饥饿素、胰高血糖素样肽-1 和饥饿感明显不同于 M 组。各组各指标的热量摄入结果无显著差异。

结论：综上所述，本交叉设计研究表明，MICE 和 BFR 联合运动通过促进 Lac-Phe 和胃饥饿素的分泌，减少了肥胖成年人的食欲。然而，运动对随后的随意饮食摄入量没有显著影响。