Grygorczyk Ryszard, Boudreault Francis, Platonova Aleksandra, Orlov Sergei N
Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM)-Tour Viger, 900, rue St-Denis, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H2X 0A9,
Pflugers Arch. 2015 Mar;467(3):475-87. doi: 10.1007/s00424-014-1680-2. Epub 2015 Jan 8.
Osmotic perturbations, occurring frequently under physiological and pathological conditions, alter cell size/volume and function. To protect cellular homeostasis, cell osmo- and volume-sensing mechanisms activate volume compensatory processes. The plasma membrane plays a prominent role in cell volume regulation by mediating the selective transport of extra- and intracellular osmolytes. The function of the membrane-enclosed cytoplasm in osmosensing and cell volume homeostasis is much less appreciated. We present current concepts and discuss evidence of cell volume sensors with emphasis on the hydrogel nature of the mammalian cytoplasm and its intrinsic osmosensitivity.
渗透扰动在生理和病理条件下频繁发生，会改变细胞大小/体积及功能。为保护细胞内环境稳定，细胞的渗透压和体积传感机制会激活体积补偿过程。质膜通过介导细胞内外渗透溶质的选择性转运，在细胞体积调节中发挥着重要作用。而膜包裹的细胞质在渗透压感知和细胞体积稳态中的功能却鲜为人知。我们介绍当前的概念，并讨论细胞体积传感器的证据，重点关注哺乳动物细胞质的水凝胶性质及其内在的渗透压敏感性。
