aInstitute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland bTheoretical Biology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2015 Mar;10(2):84-9. doi: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000137.
An improved understanding of how recombination affects the evolutionary history of HIV is crucial to understand its current and future evolution. The present review aims to disentangle the manifold effects of recombination on HIV by discussing its effects on the evolutionary history and the adaptive potential of HIV in the context of concepts from evolutionary genetics and genomics.
The increasing occurrence of secondary contacts between divergent subtype populations (during coinfection) results in increased observations of recombinants worldwide. Recombination is heterogeneous along the HIV genome. Consequences of recombination of HIV evolution are, in combination with other demographic processes, expected to either homogenize the genetic composition of HIV populations (homogenization) or provide the potential for novel adaptations (diversification). New methods in population genomics allow deep characterization of recombinant genome (the segment composition and origin) and their evolutionary trajectories.
HIV recombinants increase worldwide and invade geographical regions where pure subtypes were previously predominant. This trend is expected to continue in the future, as ease to travel worldwide increases opportunities for recombination between divergent HIV strains. While the effects of recombination in HIV are much researched, more effort is required to characterize current HIV recombinant composition and dynamics. This can be achieved with new population genetic and genomic methods.
目的综述：深入理解重组如何影响 HIV 的进化史对于理解其当前和未来的进化至关重要。本综述旨在通过讨论重组对 HIV 进化历史和适应性潜力的影响，从进化遗传学和基因组学的概念出发，厘清重组对 HIV 的多种影响。
最近发现：在不同亚型群体（在合并感染期间）之间发生的二次接触的增加导致全世界观察到更多的重组。HIV 基因组中重组是不均匀的。重组对 HIV 进化的影响，结合其他人口统计学过程，预计会使 HIV 群体的遗传组成均匀化（同质化），或者为新的适应提供潜力（多样化）。种群基因组学中的新方法可以深入描述重组基因组（片段组成和起源）及其进化轨迹。
总结：HIV 重组体在全球范围内增加，并入侵以前主要是纯亚型的地理区域。随着全球旅行的便利性增加了不同 HIV 株之间重组的机会，这种趋势预计将在未来继续。虽然对 HIV 重组的影响进行了广泛研究，但仍需要更多的努力来描述当前 HIV 重组体的组成和动态。这可以通过新的群体遗传和基因组学方法来实现。
