Kwon Jee Young, Kim Hye Lim, Lee Jong Yun, Ju Yo Han, Kim Ji Soo, Kang Seung Hun, Kim Yu-Ri, Lee Jong-Kwon, Jeong Jayoung, Kim Meyoung-Kon, Maeng Eun Ho, Seo Young Rok
Department of Life Science, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Korea Testing and Research Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Int J Nanomedicine. 2014 Dec 15;9 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):173-81. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S57933. eCollection 2014.
Silica dioxide (SiO2) has been used in various industrial products, including paints and coatings, plastics, synthetic rubbers, and adhesives. Several studies have investigated the genotoxic effects of SiO2; however, the results remain controversial due to variations in the evaluation methods applied in determining its physicochemical properties. Thus, well characterized chemicals and standardized methods are needed for better assessment of the genotoxicity of nanoparticles.
The genotoxicity of SiO2 was evaluated using two types of well characterized SiO2, ie, 20 nm (-) charge (SiO (EN20(-))2) and 100 nm (-) charge (SiO (EN100(-))2). Four end point genotoxicity tests, ie, the bacterial mutation assay, in vitro chromosomal aberration test, in vivo comet assay, and in vivo micronucleus test, were conducted following the test guidelines of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) with application of Good Laboratory Practice.
No statistically significant differences were found in the bacterial mutation assay, in vitro chromosomal aberration test, in vivo comet assay, and in vivo micronucleus test when tested for induction of genotoxicity in both two types of SiO2 nanoparticles.
These results suggest that SiO2 nanoparticles, in particular SiO2 (EN20(-)) and SiO2 (EN100(-)), are not genotoxic in both in vitro and in vivo systems under OECD guidelines. Further, the results were generated in accordance with OECD test guidelines, and Good Laboratory Practice application; it can be accepted as reliable information regarding SiO2-induced genotoxicity.
二氧化硅（SiO₂）已被用于各种工业产品中，包括油漆和涂料、塑料、合成橡胶及粘合剂。多项研究调查了SiO₂的遗传毒性；然而，由于在确定其物理化学性质时所应用的评估方法存在差异，结果仍存在争议。因此，需要特性明确的化学品和标准化方法来更好地评估纳米颗粒的遗传毒性。
使用两种特性明确的SiO₂，即20纳米带负电荷的（SiO(EN20(-))₂）和100纳米带负电荷的（SiO(EN100(-))₂）来评估SiO₂的遗传毒性。按照经济合作与发展组织（OECD）的测试指南并应用良好实验室规范，进行了四项遗传毒性终点测试，即细菌突变试验、体外染色体畸变试验、体内彗星试验和体内微核试验。
在对两种类型的SiO₂纳米颗粒进行遗传毒性诱导测试时，细菌突变试验、体外染色体畸变试验、体内彗星试验和体内微核试验均未发现统计学上的显著差异。
这些结果表明，根据OECD指南，SiO₂纳米颗粒，特别是SiO₂(EN20(-))和SiO₂(EN100(-))，在体外和体内系统中均无遗传毒性。此外，这些结果是按照OECD测试指南和良好实验室规范生成的；可被视为关于SiO₂诱导遗传毒性的可靠信息。
