Lerman Yelena V, Kim Minsoo
Department of Microbiology & Immunology, David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 609, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets. 2015;15(1):19-28. doi: 10.2174/1871529x15666150108113236.
Neutrophil migration is critical for pathogen clearance and host survival during severe sepsis. Interaction of neutrophil adhesion receptors with ligands on endothelial cells results in firm adhesion of the circulating neutrophils, followed by neutrophil activation and directed migration to sites of infection through the basement membrane and interstitial extracellular matrix. Proteolytic enzymes and reactive oxygen species are produced and released by neutrophils in response to a variety of inflammatory stimuli. Although these mediators are important for host defense, they also promote tissue damage. Excessive neutrophil migration during the early stages of sepsis may lead to an exaggerated inflammatory response with associated tissue damage and subsequent organ dysfunction. On the other hand, dysregulation of migration and insufficient migratory response that occurs during the latter stages of severe sepsis contributes to neutrophils' inability to contain and control infection and impaired wound healing. This review discusses the major steps and associated molecules involved in the balance of neutrophil trafficking, the precise regulation of which during sepsis spells life or death for the host.
在严重脓毒症期间，中性粒细胞迁移对于病原体清除和宿主存活至关重要。中性粒细胞黏附受体与内皮细胞上配体的相互作用导致循环中的中性粒细胞牢固黏附，随后中性粒细胞被激活并通过基底膜和间质细胞外基质定向迁移至感染部位。中性粒细胞会响应多种炎症刺激而产生并释放蛋白水解酶和活性氧。尽管这些介质对宿主防御很重要，但它们也会促进组织损伤。脓毒症早期中性粒细胞过度迁移可能导致炎症反应过度，伴有相关组织损伤及随后的器官功能障碍。另一方面，严重脓毒症后期发生的迁移失调和迁移反应不足，导致中性粒细胞无法控制感染并损害伤口愈合。本文综述了中性粒细胞转运平衡所涉及的主要步骤及相关分子，脓毒症期间对其精确调控决定着宿主的生死。
