Belintxon M, López de Dicastillo O
Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria y Materno-Infantil, Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain.
An Sist Sanit Navar. 2014 Sep-Dec;37(3):401-9. doi: 10.4321/s1137-66272014000300009.
Nowadays multicultural reality leads health professionals to interact in their daily work with individuals and families from diverse cultures. The interaction between a person or family and a health professional from a different culture is called "cultural encounter". These encounters involve difficulties, complications and barriers, which health professionals will have to face in order to provide good care and promote healthy lifestyles. This narrative review shows that the difficulties are related to cultural and linguistic factors, health literacy, disadvantages in socio-economic status and the prejudices and stereotypes of healthcare professionals. Different strategies are described in the literature that could help health professionals to overcome these difficulties, namely: the development of culturally appropriate programmes; appropriate pedagogy and resources, and the use of culturally and linguistically sensitive materials; the use of interpreters and the organization of courses to learn the most widely spoken language. In addition to these strategies, the need is underscored for a change of approach in which the objective should be training health professionals to achieve so-called "cultural competence". Training in cultural competence would encourage professionals to offer tailored care plans, taking into account the cultural values, beliefs and practices of any person or family, and would help them to avoid stereotypes and prejudices.
如今，多元文化的现实使卫生专业人员在日常工作中与来自不同文化背景的个人和家庭进行互动。来自不同文化背景的个人或家庭与卫生专业人员之间的互动被称为“文化相遇”。这些相遇存在困难、复杂情况和障碍，卫生专业人员为了提供优质护理和促进健康的生活方式必须面对这些问题。这篇叙述性综述表明，这些困难与文化和语言因素、健康素养、社会经济地位的劣势以及医疗保健专业人员的偏见和刻板印象有关。文献中描述了不同的策略，这些策略可以帮助卫生专业人员克服这些困难，即：制定适合文化背景的方案；采用适当的教学方法和资源，以及使用具有文化和语言敏感性的材料；使用口译员并组织课程学习使用最广泛的语言。除了这些策略外，还强调需要改变方法，目标应该是培训卫生专业人员以实现所谓的“文化能力”。文化能力培训将鼓励专业人员提供量身定制的护理计划，同时考虑到任何个人或家庭的文化价值观、信仰和习俗，并将帮助他们避免刻板印象和偏见。
