Aboh Emmanuel A, Giwa Fatima J, Giwa A
Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru Zaria, Kaduna, State, Nigeria.
Ann Afr Med. 2015 Jan-Mar;14(1):32-8. doi: 10.4103/1596-3519.148732.
Majority of the human population in semi-urban and urban areas in Nigeria are heavily reliant on well water as the main source of water supply for drinking and domestic use due to inadequate provision of potable pipe borne water. These groundwater sources can easily be fecally contaminated and thus, increase the incidence and outbreaks of preventable waterborne diseases. This study was carried out to determine the bacteriological quality of some well waters in Samaru, Z.
Samaru, Zaria located in Northern Nigeria, is a semi-urban university satellite town blessed with abundant ground and surface water. Five sampling sites were randomly selected for this study. A total of 10 samples: Two from each of the sites were collected fortnightly for 1 month (May-June, 2013). Samples were analyzed using presumptive multiple tube fermentation and confirmatory tests for total and fecal coliforms. The well water samples were also cultured for Salmonella, Shigella, and Vibrio chole.
The total coliform count for all the samples analyzed was >180+/100 ml. All the well water samples from the study locations were contaminated with one or more bacterial pathogens, Escherichia coli 20%, Klebsiella pneumoniae 100% and Proteus mirabilis 40%. Salmonella, Shigella, or V. cholerae were not isolated from any of the well water samples.
The results from this study showed contamination of all the wells studied with fecal coliforms thus, indicating the possible presence of other enteric pathogens and a potential source for waterborne disease outbreaks. Well water in Samaru is not safe for drinking without additional treatment like disinfection or boiling. Periodic testing and constant monitoring of well waters should also be done to meet up with the World Health Organization Standards in the provision of safe, clean drinking water .
由于可饮用水管供水不足，尼日利亚半城市和城市地区的大多数人口严重依赖井水作为饮用和家庭用水的主要水源。这些地下水源很容易受到粪便污染，从而增加了可预防的水源性疾病的发病率和暴发次数。本研究旨在确定扎里亚萨马鲁一些井水的细菌学质量。
位于尼日利亚北部的扎里亚萨马鲁是一个半城市大学卫星城，拥有丰富的地表水和地下水。本研究随机选择了五个采样点。在1个月（2013年5月至6月）内，每两周从每个采样点采集2个样本，共采集10个样本。采用推测性多管发酵法和确证试验分析样本中的总大肠菌群和粪大肠菌群。井水样本还进行了沙门氏菌、志贺氏菌和霍乱弧菌的培养。
所有分析样本的总大肠菌群计数均>180个/100毫升。研究地点的所有井水样本都被一种或多种细菌病原体污染，其中大肠杆菌占20%，肺炎克雷伯菌占100%，奇异变形杆菌占40%。所有井水样本均未分离出沙门氏菌、志贺氏菌或霍乱弧菌。
本研究结果表明，所有研究的水井均被粪大肠菌群污染，因此表明可能存在其他肠道病原体，并且是水源性疾病暴发的潜在源头。未经消毒或煮沸等额外处理，萨马鲁的井水饮用不安全。还应定期对井水进行检测和持续监测，以符合世界卫生组织提供安全、清洁饮用水的标准。
