Weisheit Christina K, Engel Daniel R, Kurts Christian
Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Clinic, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University, Bonn, Germany and Clinic for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Clinic, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University, Bonn, Germany; and.
Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Clinic, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University, Bonn, Germany and Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen and University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015 Oct 7;10(10):1841-51. doi: 10.2215/CJN.07100714. Epub 2015 Jan 7.
The mononuclear phagocytes (dendritic cells and macrophages) are closely related immune cells with central roles in anti-infectious defense and maintenance of organ integrity. The canonical function of dendritic cells is the activation of T cells, whereas macrophages remove apoptotic cells and microbes by phagocytosis. In the kidney, these cell types form an intricate system of mononuclear phagocytes that surveys against injury and infection and contributes to organ homeostasis and tissue repair but may also promote progression of CKD. This review summarizes the general functions and classification of dendritic cells and macrophages in the immune system and recapitulates why overlapping definitions and historically separate research have created controversy about their tasks. Their roles in acute kidney disease, CKD, and renal transplantation are described, and therapeutic strategy to modify these cells for therapeutic purposes is discussed.
单核吞噬细胞（树突状细胞和巨噬细胞）是密切相关的免疫细胞，在抗感染防御和维持器官完整性方面发挥着核心作用。树突状细胞的典型功能是激活T细胞，而巨噬细胞则通过吞噬作用清除凋亡细胞和微生物。在肾脏中，这些细胞类型形成了一个复杂的单核吞噬细胞系统，可监测损伤和感染，并有助于器官稳态和组织修复，但也可能促进慢性肾脏病的进展。本文综述了树突状细胞和巨噬细胞在免疫系统中的一般功能和分类，并概述了为何重叠的定义和历史上分开的研究对它们的任务产生了争议。描述了它们在急性肾疾病、慢性肾脏病和肾移植中的作用，并讨论了为治疗目的而修饰这些细胞的治疗策略。
