Song M, Liu Y, Lee J J, Che T M, Soares-Almeida J A, Chun J L, Campbell J M, Polo J, Crenshaw J D, Seo S W, Pettigrew J E
Department of Animal Sciences.
APC Inc., Ankeny, IA 50021.
J Anim Sci. 2015 Jan;93(1):298-305. doi: 10.2527/jas.2014-7259.
Three studies were conducted to test the hypothesis that dietary spray-dried plasma (SDP) might improve pregnancy rate by ameliorating inflammation, using mice in an experimental model that produces a low pregnancy rate. Mated female mice (C57BL/6 strain) were purchased and shipped from a vendor (Bar Harbor, ME) to the university facility (Urbana, IL) on the day the vaginal plug was found (gestation day [GD] 1), arriving at the laboratory on GD 3 after 2 d transport by air and ground. Mice (Exp. 1: n = 250, 16.0 ± 1.2 g BW; Exp. 2: n = 202, 16.2 ± 1.2 g BW; Exp. 3: n = 156, 16.4 ± 1.1 g BW) were housed in individual cages and randomly assigned to dietary treatments (Exp. 1: 0 [CON] and 8% SDP in the diet, ≥ 90 mice/diet; Exp. 2: 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8% SDP in the diet, ≥ 40 mice/diet; Exp. 3: 0, 1, and 8% SDP in the diet, 48 mice/diet) fed from arrival. In Exp. 1 and 2, pregnancy of each mouse was determined on GD 17 based on BW, shape of abdomen, and inspection postmortem, and maternal growth performance from GD 3 to 17 was measured. On GD 19, pregnant mice in Exp. 2 were euthanized to measure number of fetuses and fetal and placental weights. Pregnancy rates in CON were low in both Exp. 1 (11%) and Exp. 2 (7%). The SDP consistently and markedly increased (P < 0.05) pregnancy rates in both Exp. 1 (49%) and Exp. 2 (35-43%) compared with the CON. In Exp. 3, 12 randomly selected mice were euthanized immediately after they arrived as an initial group. From GD 4 to 7, randomly selected mice were also euthanized each day (12 mice/diet). After euthanasia, the abdominal cavity was opened to check pregnancy by uterine inspection and to collect blood and uterus samples for immune measurements. The SDP increased (P < 0.05; 40 vs. 15%) pregnancy rate compared with the CON. Concentrations of indicators of inflammation and stress (uterine TNF-α and IFN-γ, and serum TNF-α, C-reactive protein, and cortisol) were greatest (P < 0.05) and an anti-inflammatory cytokine (TGF-β1) was lowest (P < 0.05) soon after arrival, on GD 3 or 4. The SDP decreased (P < 0.05) the uterine concentrations of TNF-α and IFN-γ, and serum TNF-α, C-reactive protein, and cortisol, compared with the CON, but increased (P < 0.05) the uterine concentration of TGF-β1. In conclusion, dietary SDP improves the low pregnancy rates in this model, apparently by attenuating inflammation.
进行了三项研究，以检验以下假设：在实验性低妊娠率模型中，饮食中添加喷雾干燥血浆（SDP）可能通过减轻炎症来提高妊娠率。发现阴道栓的当天（妊娠日[GD]1），从供应商（缅因州巴尔港）购买并运输已交配的雌性小鼠（C57BL/6品系）至大学实验室（伊利诺伊州厄巴纳），经2天航空和陆路运输后于GD 3到达实验室。小鼠（实验1：n = 250，体重16.0±1.2 g；实验2：n = 202，体重16.2±1.2 g；实验3：n = 156，体重16.4±1.1 g）单独饲养在笼中，并随机分配至不同饮食处理组（实验1：饮食中0[对照组]和8% SDP，每组≥90只小鼠；实验2：饮食中0、1、2、4和8% SDP，每组≥40只小鼠；实验3：饮食中0、1和8% SDP，每组48只小鼠），自到达后开始喂食。在实验1和2中，于GD 17根据体重、腹部形状和死后检查确定每只小鼠是否妊娠，并测量从GD 3至17的母体生长性能。在GD 19，对实验2中的妊娠小鼠实施安乐死以测量胎儿数量、胎儿和胎盘重量。实验1（11%）和实验2（7%）中对照组的妊娠率均较低。与对照组相比，SDP使实验1（49%）和实验2（35 - 43%）的妊娠率持续且显著提高（P < 0.05）。在实验3中，12只随机选择的小鼠到达后立即作为初始组实施安乐死。从GD 4至7，每天也随机选择小鼠实施安乐死（每组12只）。安乐死后，打开腹腔通过检查子宫确认妊娠情况，并采集血液和子宫样本进行免疫指标测量。与对照组相比，SDP使妊娠率提高（P < 0.05；40%对15%）。到达后不久，即GD 3或GD 4时，炎症和应激指标（子宫TNF-α和IFN-γ，以及血清TNF-α、C反应蛋白和皮质醇）的浓度最高（P < 0.05），而抗炎细胞因子（TGF-β1）最低（P < 0.05）。与对照组相比，SDP降低了子宫中TNF-α和IFN-γ以及血清TNF-α、C反应蛋白和皮质醇的浓度（P < 0.05），但提高了子宫中TGF-β1的浓度（P < 0.05）。总之，饮食中添加SDP可提高该模型中的低妊娠率，显然是通过减轻炎症实现的。
