Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America.
Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
PLoS One. 2018 Sep 12;13(9):e0203427. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203427. eCollection 2018.
This study evaluated whether dietary spray-dried plasma (SDP) can ameliorate inflammation, lethargic behaviors, and impairment of reproduction caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge during late pregnancy. Two experiments were conducted with 125 mated female mice (C57BL/6 strain) in each experiment. All mice were shipped from a vendor on the gestation day (GD) 1 and arrived at the laboratory on GD 3. Mice were randomly assigned to dietary treatments with or without 8% SDP in the diet. On GD 17, mice determined pregnant by BW and abdomen shape were randomly assigned to intraperitoneal injections with or without 2 μg LPS. In experiment 1, 17 mice (26.7 ± 1.7 g BW) were identified pregnant and euthanized 6 h after the LPS challenge to measure inflammatory responses in uterus and placenta. In experiment 2, 44 mice (26.0 ± 1.6 g BW) were identified pregnant and euthanized 24 h after the LPS challenge to assess behavior and late-term pregnancy loss. Growth performance and reproductive responses, such as loss of pregnancy, percentage of fetal death, and etc., were measured in all pregnant mice. The LPS challenge increased (P < 0.05) uterine and placental tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ, late-term pregnancy loss, and lethargy score, and decreased (P < 0.05) uterine transforming growth factor-β1, moving time and number of rearing, and growth and feed intake. The SDP decreased (P < 0.05) concentrations of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in one or both tissues, and the lethargy score, and increased (P < 0.05) moving time and number of rearing, growth of pregnant mice, and fetal weight. However, the SDP did not affect late-term pregnancy loss caused by the LPS challenge. Consequently, dietary SDP attenuated acute inflammation and lethargic behaviors of pregnant mice caused by the LPS challenge, but did not affect late-term pregnancy loss after the acute inflammation.
本研究评估了在妊娠晚期，日粮喷雾干燥血浆（SDP）是否可以改善脂多糖（LPS）刺激引起的炎症、嗜睡行为和繁殖性能下降。每个实验有 125 只交配后的雌性小鼠（C57BL/6 品系）参与。所有小鼠均于妊娠日（GD）1 从供应商发货，于 GD 3 到达实验室。将小鼠随机分配到添加或不添加日粮中 8%SDP 的饮食处理组。在 GD 17 时，根据 BW 和腹部形状确定怀孕的小鼠，随机进行腹腔注射 LPS 或生理盐水。在实验 1 中，17 只（26.7 ± 1.7 g BW）怀孕的小鼠被鉴定出来，在 LPS 刺激后 6 h 处死，以测量子宫和胎盘的炎症反应。在实验 2 中，44 只（26.0 ± 1.6 g BW）怀孕的小鼠被鉴定出来，在 LPS 刺激后 24 h 处死，以评估行为和晚期妊娠丢失。所有怀孕的小鼠都测量了生长性能和繁殖反应，如妊娠丢失、胎儿死亡率等。LPS 刺激增加（P < 0.05）了子宫和胎盘肿瘤坏死因子-α和干扰素-γ、晚期妊娠丢失、嗜睡评分，并降低（P < 0.05）了子宫转化生长因子-β1、运动时间和理毛次数、生长和采食量。SDP 降低（P < 0.05）了一种或两种组织中促炎和抗炎细胞因子的浓度，以及嗜睡评分，并增加（P < 0.05）了运动时间和理毛次数、怀孕小鼠的生长和胎儿体重。然而，SDP 并未影响 LPS 刺激引起的晚期妊娠丢失。因此，日粮 SDP 减轻了 LPS 刺激引起的怀孕小鼠的急性炎症和嗜睡行为，但并未影响急性炎症后的晚期妊娠丢失。
