Gehlert Sebastian, Bloch Wilhelm, Suhr Frank
Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medcine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, Cologne 50933, Germany.
Int J Mol Sci. 2015 Jan 5;16(1):1066-95. doi: 10.3390/ijms16011066.
Calcium (Ca2+) plays a pivotal role in almost all cellular processes and ensures the functionality of an organism. In skeletal muscle fibers, Ca(2+) is critically involved in the innervation of skeletal muscle fibers that results in the exertion of an action potential along the muscle fiber membrane, the prerequisite for skeletal muscle contraction. Furthermore and among others, Ca(2+) regulates also intracellular processes, such as myosin-actin cross bridging, protein synthesis, protein degradation and fiber type shifting by the control of Ca(2+)-sensitive proteases and transcription factors, as well as mitochondrial adaptations, plasticity and respiration. These data highlight the overwhelming significance of Ca(2+) ions for the integrity of skeletal muscle tissue. In this review, we address the major functions of Ca(2+) ions in adult muscle but also highlight recent findings of critical Ca(2+)-dependent mechanisms essential for skeletal muscle-regulation and maintenance.
钙（Ca2+）在几乎所有细胞过程中都起着关键作用，并确保生物体的功能。在骨骼肌纤维中，Ca(2+) 对骨骼肌纤维的神经支配至关重要，这会导致沿着肌纤维膜产生动作电位，这是骨骼肌收缩的前提条件。此外，Ca(2+) 还调节细胞内过程，例如通过控制 Ca(2+) 敏感蛋白酶和转录因子来调节肌球蛋白 - 肌动蛋白交叉桥接、蛋白质合成、蛋白质降解和纤维类型转换，以及线粒体适应、可塑性和呼吸作用。这些数据突出了 Ca(2+) 离子对骨骼肌组织完整性的极其重要性。在本综述中，我们阐述了 Ca(2+) 离子在成体肌肉中的主要功能，同时也强调了最近关于对骨骼肌调节和维持至关重要的关键 Ca(2+) 依赖性机制的研究发现。
