Costich Julia F, Slavova Svetla S
a Department of Health Management & Policy , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2015;16(7):664-8. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2014.999857.
Identification of effective implementation strategies for motor vehicle injury prevention law is an important priority for research in public health law and policy. Extensive literature in related fields demonstrates the relationship between enforcement activities and achievement of safety objectives.
We conducted this study to determine the role of enforcement and adjudication in the implementation of a primary safety belt law, including the level and sustainability of safety belt-related conviction rates, using newly available data from the state judicial administrative authority. A secondary goal was to assess the contribution of the administrative data set to the analysis of the primary safety belt law.
The analysis used an interrupted time series design to evaluate the longitudinal effect of the primary safety belt law implementation in 2007 on safety belt infractions and convictions in Kentucky, 2003-2012. Segmented regression analysis was used to estimate changes in the level and trend of safety belt nonuse conviction rate after the full implementation of the law, while controlling for the baseline level and trend. The association between the safety belt-related conviction rates and other expected outcomes of the law's implementation was studied.
Safety belt citations doubled and convictions nearly tripled during the decade studied, most dramatically in the first year. Increases were sustained throughout the study period. There was a strong positive linear association between the safety belt nonuse conviction rate and the observed safety belt use in the state, as well as a strong negative association between the safety belt nonuse conviction rate and the number of nonrestrained motor vehicle crash fatalities.
Our analysis demonstrates that Kentucky's public safety and judicial systems took the new law seriously and enforced it effectively and that the increased level of enforcement persisted for at least 5 years after implementation. We also find that data from judicial system administrative agency reports make an important contribution to public policy analysis. In the face of persistent antiregulatory forces and public-sector budget cuts, it is critically important to document the relationship between enforcement activities and the achievement of legislative goals.
确定机动车伤害预防法律的有效实施策略是公共卫生法律与政策研究的一项重要优先任务。相关领域的大量文献表明了执法活动与安全目标实现之间的关系。
我们开展本研究，以利用州司法行政部门新获取的数据，确定执法与裁决在一项主要安全带法律实施过程中的作用，包括与安全带相关的定罪率水平及可持续性。第二个目标是评估行政数据集对主要安全带法律分析的贡献。
该分析采用中断时间序列设计，以评估2007年主要安全带法律实施对2003 - 2012年肯塔基州安全带违规及定罪情况的纵向影响。使用分段回归分析来估计法律全面实施后安全带未使用定罪率的水平和趋势变化，同时控制基线水平和趋势。研究了与安全带相关的定罪率与该法律实施的其他预期结果之间的关联。
在所研究的十年间，安全带罚单数量翻倍，定罪数量几乎增至三倍，最显著的是在第一年。在整个研究期间增长持续。该州安全带未使用定罪率与观察到的安全带使用情况之间存在强烈的正线性关联，安全带未使用定罪率与未系安全带的机动车碰撞死亡人数之间存在强烈的负关联。
我们的分析表明，肯塔基州的公共安全和司法系统认真对待新法律并有效执行，且执法力度的增强在实施后至少持续了5年。我们还发现，司法系统行政机构报告中的数据对公共政策分析有重要贡献。面对持续的反监管力量和公共部门预算削减，记录执法活动与立法目标实现之间的关系至关重要。
