Levy Orly, Levy Ofer
Buckingham Browne and Nichols School, Cambridge, 02138, MA, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, 02115, MA, USA Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2015 Jan;109(1):3-4. doi: 10.1093/trstmh/tru185.
Trained immunity reflects the ability of the innate immune system to adapt via epigenetic changes in monocytes, enhancing responses to a range of microbes, thereby potentially reducing infection in high-risk populations. Examples of trained immunity at birth include enhanced resistance to infection in TLR-simulated newborn mice, reduced risk of late onset sepsis with histologic chorioamnionitis and beneficial heterologous effects of neonatal bacille Calmette-Guérin administration in reducing diverse infections during infancy. Future efforts will assess leveraging trained immunity in early life by administering 'stand-alone' innate immune stimuli or (self-)adjuvanted vaccines to protect against a broad range of infections.
训练有素的免疫力反映了先天免疫系统通过单核细胞的表观遗传变化进行适应的能力，增强对一系列微生物的反应，从而有可能降低高危人群的感染风险。出生时训练有素的免疫力的例子包括，经Toll样受体（TLR）刺激的新生小鼠对感染的抵抗力增强、组织学绒毛膜羊膜炎导致的晚发性败血症风险降低，以及新生儿接种卡介苗在降低婴儿期多种感染方面的有益异源效应。未来的研究将评估通过给予“独立的”先天免疫刺激物或（自身）佐剂疫苗来利用生命早期训练有素的免疫力，以预防广泛的感染。
