Department of Medicine and, Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation & Immunity (N4i), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Eur J Clin Invest. 2013 Aug;43(8):881-4. doi: 10.1111/eci.12132.
The inability of innate immunity to build an immunological memory is considered a main difference with adaptive immunity. This concept has been challenged by studies in plants, invertebrates and mammals. Recently, a paradigm shift in our understanding host defence has been triggered by the mounting evidence for innate immune memory, leading to increased responses to secondary infections. Important differences between the cell populations and the molecular mechanisms exist between the adaptive traits of innate host defence on the one hand and immunological memory of adaptive immunity on the other hand. The lasting state of enhanced innate immunity termed 'trained immunity' is mediated by prototypical innate immune cells such as natural killer cells and monocytes/macrophages. It provides protection against reinfection in a T/B-cell-independent manner, with both specific mechanisms and nonspecific epigenetic reprogramming mediating these effects. This concept represents a paradigm change in immunity, and its putative role in resistance to reinfection may represent the next step in the design of future vaccines.
先天免疫无法形成免疫记忆被认为是其与适应性免疫的主要区别之一。这一概念受到了植物、无脊椎动物和哺乳动物相关研究的挑战。最近，由于先天免疫记忆的大量证据，宿主防御的理解发生了范式转变，导致对二次感染的反应增强。先天宿主防御的适应性特征与适应性免疫的免疫记忆之间，在细胞群体和分子机制方面存在重要差异。这种被称为“训练有素的免疫”的持久增强的先天免疫状态是由天然杀伤细胞和单核细胞/巨噬细胞等典型的先天免疫细胞介导的。它以 T/B 细胞非依赖的方式提供针对再感染的保护，特异性机制和非特异性表观遗传重编程都介导了这些作用。这一概念代表了免疫领域的范式转变，其在抵抗再感染中的潜在作用可能代表了未来疫苗设计的下一步。
