Zhang Fulan, Zhang Tiancheng, Li Xing, Xiong Jingmei, Chen Jing, Du Xiaojuan
Physical Education Institute of Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China.
Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2017 Jul;46(4):595-601.
In order to have a basic understanding of the neglect condition of rural children aged 12 to 17 years old of Tujia and Miao minorities in Wuling mountainous area as well as its causes.
According to the principle of multistage stratified cluster samplingmethod, a total of 1974 students of eight middle schoolsfrom rural areas in four counties of Tujia-Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Xiangxi had been selected from November to December in 2014( 1020 students from Tujia minority and 954 students from Miao minority). In addition, by adopting themethod of "The Normal Value of Evaluation on the Neglect of Middle School Students from 12 to 17 Years Old in Rural China", the neglect rate and degree can reflect how often and how strong children in rural areas have been neglected. Also, relative factors of the neglect was analyzed by logistic multi-factor regression analysismethod.
The total neglect rate of children in rural areas from 12 to 17 years old of Tujia and Miao minorities was 67. 83 %( 1339/1974). The proportion of male students which was 70. 42%( 631/896) was higher than the female students counterpart, which was 65. 68%( 708/1078)( χ2= 5. 053, P <0. 05). The total neglect degree was( 54. 96 ± 10. 31), and the degree of children between 12 and 14 years old( 55. 45 ± 9. 51) was higher than that of children between 15 and 17 years old( 54. 54 ± 10. 95)( t = 1. 980, P < 0. 05). The neglect rate and degree in medication for female students were higher than male students( χ2= 10. 233, P < 0. 01, t =2. 139, P < 0. 05), while the neglect rate and degree in education and the neglect degree in security male students had a higher rate and a more severe degree than female students( χ2= 3. 969, t = 1. 989, t = 2. 014, P < 0. 05). In addition to the neglect of education, the neglect rate and degree of other aspects for children of Tujia and Miao minorities in rural areas had statistical significance( P < 0. 05). The neglect rate of left-behind children was higher than that of un-left-behind children in physical and medical aspects( χ2= 6. 267, χ~2= 4. 040, P < 0. 05). As theresult of logistic multi-factor regression analysis showed, male students( OR = 1. 292, 95% CI 1. 062-1. 573), children who have less intimate relationship with parents( OR = 1. 344, 95% CI 1. 009-1. 791, OR = 1. 475, 95% CI 1. 063-2. 046), whose parents do not share a close relationship( OR = 1. 396, 95% CI 1. 042-1. 870), those without a single room( OR = 0. 577, 95% CI 0. 464-0. 719) were more likely to be neglected.
Children of Tujia and Miao minorities in Wuling mountainous area are under a serious neglecting state, and the main influencing factors are whether children have single rooms, the relationship between children and parents and the relationship between parents.
初步了解武陵山区土家族、苗族12～17岁农村儿童忽视状况及其影响因素。
按照多阶段分层整群抽样方法的原则，于2014年11月至12月抽取湘西土家族苗族自治州4个县农村8所中学的1974名学生（土家族1020名，苗族954名）。采用“中国农村12～17岁中学生忽视评价常模”方法，分析农村儿童忽视率、忽视度及相关影响因素。
土家族、苗族12～17岁农村儿童总忽视率为67.83%（1339/1974）。男生忽视率为70.42%（631/896），高于女生的65.68%（708/1078）（χ²=5.053，P<0.05）。总忽视度为（54.96±10.31），12～14岁儿童忽视度（55.45±9.51）高于15～17岁儿童（54.54±10.95）（t=1.980，P<0.05）。女生在医疗方面的忽视率和忽视度高于男生（χ²=10.233，P<0.01，t=2.139，P<0.05），男生在教育方面的忽视率和忽视度以及安全方面的忽视度高于女生（χ²=3.969，t=1.989，t=2.014，P<0.05）。除教育忽视外，土家族、苗族农村儿童其他方面忽视率和忽视度差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。留守儿童在身体和医疗方面的忽视率高于非留守儿童（χ²=6.267，χ²=4.040，P<0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析显示，男生（OR=1.292，95%CI 1.062～1.573）、与父母关系不亲密（OR=1.344，95%CI 1.009～1.791，OR=1.475，95%CI 1.063～2.046）、父母关系不亲密（OR=1.396，95%CI 1.042～1.870）、无单独房间（OR=0.577，95%CI 0.464～0.719）的儿童更易被忽视。
武陵山区土家族、苗族儿童处于被严重忽视状态，主要影响因素为儿童是否有单独房间、儿童与父母关系及父母间关系。
