Heid Allison R, Zarit Steven H, Fingerman Karen L
New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford. Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park.
Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2016 Jul;71(4):602-12. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbu177. Epub 2015 Jan 7.
Aging parents may respond to advice or help with daily problems from their grown children by insisting, resisting, or persisting in their ways or opinions, behaviors which are commonly viewed as stubbornness. Research has not examined how frequently such behaviors occur and what factors are associated with these behaviors.
Middle-aged adults and parents (N = 189 dyads) reported the prevalence of parental behaviors attributed to stubbornness. Utilizing hierarchical linear regression and multilevel modeling this exploratory study examined the association of parent stubbornness with individual and relationship-based characteristics and concordance in reports within dyads.
Over 77% of children and 66% of parents reported parents acting in ways attributed to stubbornness at least sometimes. Children reported higher levels of parental stubbornness than parents self-reported. Children's perceptions of occurrence were related to parent disability and relationship characteristics, while parents' self-reports were associated with their own personalities. Discrepancies in reports between parents and children were associated with child and parent characteristics.
This novel exploration demonstrated that individual and relationship-based factors are linked to the perceived expression of stubbornness by parents and that there is discordance in perceptions within families. Findings suggest a need for intervention to increase understanding within families.
年迈的父母在面对成年子女就日常问题给出的建议或帮助时，可能会坚持、抗拒或固执地坚持自己的方式或观点，这些行为通常被视为固执。此前的研究尚未考察此类行为出现的频率以及与这些行为相关的因素。
中年成年人及其父母（共189对）报告了被归因于固执的父母行为的普遍程度。本探索性研究采用分层线性回归和多水平模型，考察了父母固执与个体及基于关系的特征之间的关联，以及二元组内报告的一致性。
超过77%的子女和66%的父母报告称，父母至少有时会表现出被归因于固执的行为。子女报告的父母固执程度高于父母的自我报告。子女对父母固执行为发生情况的认知与父母的残疾状况及关系特征有关，而父母的自我报告则与他们自己的性格有关。父母与子女报告之间的差异与子女和父母的特征有关。
这项新颖的探索表明，个体及基于关系的因素与父母被感知到的固执表现有关，且家庭内部存在认知差异。研究结果表明需要进行干预以增进家庭内部的理解。
