Morales Julia, Padilla Francisca, Gómez-Ariza Carlos J, Bajo M Teresa
Brain, Mind and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, C/Profesor Clavera s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
Department of Psychology, University of Jaén, Campus las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2015 Feb;155:82-91. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2014.12.004. Epub 2015 Jan 8.
Recent research has shown that becoming an expert in a certain domain may lead to a transfer of the acquired skills to other domains requiring similar abilities. Thus, the cognitive skills acquired by professional interpreters after intensive training may also transfer to other domains. Simultaneous interpreters are known to develop high working memory capacity (e.g., Christoffels, de Groot, & Kroll, 2006; Signorelli, Haarmann, & Obler, 2012). However, little is known about transfer of other processes such us updating and some aspects of attention also involved in interpretation. In Experiment 1, we found that interpreters outperformed a control group in updating skills, as measured through a dual version of the n-back task (Jaeggi et al., 2007). In Experiment 2, use of the ANTI-V allowed us to reveal that interpreting differentially modulates the interactions between attentional networks. Thus, we found no group differences in conflict resolution, but the interaction between the alertness and orienting networks differed between interpreters and non-interpreters. Taken together, these results suggest that experience in simultaneous interpreting transfers to other domains, but this transfer seems specific to the cognitive processes more closely involved in the interpreting tasks.
最近的研究表明，在某一领域成为专家可能会使所获得的技能迁移到其他需要类似能力的领域。因此，专业口译员在强化训练后所获得的认知技能也可能迁移到其他领域。众所周知，同声传译员会发展出较高的工作记忆能力（例如，克里斯托费尔斯、德格鲁特和克罗尔，2006年；西格诺雷利、哈曼和奥布勒，2012年）。然而，对于其他过程的迁移，如更新以及口译中涉及的注意力的某些方面，我们却知之甚少。在实验1中，我们发现，通过n-back任务的双重版本（耶吉等人，2007年）进行测量，口译员在更新技能方面的表现优于对照组。在实验2中，使用ANTI-V使我们得以揭示口译对注意力网络之间的相互作用有不同的调节作用。因此，我们发现，在冲突解决方面不存在组间差异，但警觉网络和定向网络之间的相互作用在口译员和非口译员之间有所不同。综上所述，这些结果表明，同声传译经验会迁移到其他领域，但这种迁移似乎特定于与口译任务关系更为密切的认知过程。
