State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
J Environ Manage. 2015 Mar 15;151:221-32. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.08.001. Epub 2015 Jan 8.
The increasing generation of sludge and its subsequent treatment are very sensitive environmental problems. For a more stable and sustainable treatment of sludge, there have been many studies, including the conversion of sludge into sludge-based adsorbents (SBAs) for pollutants removal. In this review, current SBAs preparation conditions and use as adsorbent for contaminant removal in water treatment are summarized and discussed. Carbonization, physical activation and chemical activation are three common preparation methods. The controlling key parameters include pyrolysis temperature, dwell time, heating rate, activator and feedstock type. The efficacy of SBAs in contaminant adsorption depends on their surface area, pore size distribution, surface functional groups and ion-exchange capacity. It has been demonstrated that SBAs can attain high uptakes of dyes and metal ions due to their high cation exchange capacity; whereas the strong antibiotics adsorption performance of SBAs derives from high degree of mesoporosity. In addition, thermal treatment significantly stabilizes heavy metals contained in sludge. The paper also discusses the economic feasibility and environmental safety of preparation and application of SBAs. Further research will include investigations on the migration and transformation of element in sludge by thermal treatment, more economical and efficient chemical activation reagents, obtaining SBAs for designated application, combination of coagulation and SBAs adsorption, regeneration of SBAs and full-scale tests.
污泥的不断产生及其后续处理是非常敏感的环境问题。为了更稳定、更可持续地处理污泥，已经有许多研究，包括将污泥转化为污泥基吸附剂（SBA）以去除污染物。在这篇综述中，总结和讨论了当前 SBA 的制备条件以及作为吸附剂在水处理中去除污染物的应用。碳化、物理活化和化学活化是三种常见的制备方法。控制关键参数包括热解温度、停留时间、加热速率、活化剂和原料类型。SBA 对污染物的吸附效果取决于其表面积、孔径分布、表面官能团和离子交换容量。已经证明，SBA 由于高阳离子交换容量而具有高染料和金属离子的去除率；而 SBA 对强抗生素的吸附性能则源于高度的中孔性。此外，热处理可显著稳定污泥中所含的重金属。本文还讨论了 SBA 的制备和应用的经济可行性和环境安全性。进一步的研究将包括对热处理过程中污泥中元素的迁移和转化的调查、更经济高效的化学活化试剂、获得指定应用的 SBA、混凝与 SBA 吸附的结合、SBA 的再生和全规模试验。
