Department of Technology, Metropolitan University College, Denmark.
Department of Plant and Soil Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom.
J Environ Manage. 2015 Mar 15;151:258-66. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.12.052. Epub 2015 Jan 9.
Bracken ferns are some of the most widespread ferns in the World causing immense problems for land managers, foresters and rangers. Bracken is suspected of causing cancer in Humans due to its content of the carcinogen ptaquiloside. Ingestion of bracken, or food and drinking water contaminated with ptaquiloside may be the cause. The aim of this study was to monitor the content of ptaquiloside in 20 bracken stands from Britain to obtain a better understanding of the ptaquiloside dynamics and to evaluate the environmental implications of using different cutting regimes in bracken management. The ptaquiloside content in fronds ranged between 50 and 5790 μg/g corresponding to a ptaquiloside load in the standing biomass of up to 590 mg/m(2) in mature fronds. Ptaquiloside was also found in the underground rhizome system (11-657 μg/g) and in decaying litter (0.1-5.8 μg/g). The amount of ptaquiloside present in bracken stands at any given time is difficult to predict and did not show any correlations with edaphic growth factors. The content of ptaquiloside turned out to be higher in fronds emerging after cutting compared to uncut fronds. Environmental risk assessment and bracken management must therefore be based on actual and site specific determinations of the ptaquiloside content. Care must be taken to avoid leaching from cut ferns to aquifers and other recipients and appropriate precautionary measures must be taken to protect staff from exposure to bracken dust.
羊齿类植物是世界上分布最广的蕨类植物之一，给土地管理者、林务员和护林员带来了巨大的问题。由于其含有致癌物质原蕨苷，羊齿类植物被怀疑会导致人类患癌症。摄入羊齿类植物、或受原蕨苷污染的食物和饮用水可能是致病原因。本研究的目的是监测英国 20 个羊齿类植物群中的原蕨苷含量，以更好地了解原蕨苷动态，并评估在羊齿类植物管理中使用不同切割制度的环境影响。叶片中原蕨苷含量在 50 至 5790μg/g 之间，相当于成熟叶片中直立生物量中的原蕨苷负荷高达 590mg/m(2)。原蕨苷也存在于地下根茎系统（11-657μg/g）和腐烂的凋落物中（0.1-5.8μg/g）。在任何给定时间，羊齿类植物群中存在的原蕨苷数量难以预测，并且与土壤生长因子没有任何相关性。与未切割的叶片相比，切割后新长出的叶片中原蕨苷的含量更高。因此，环境风险评估和羊齿类植物管理必须基于对原蕨苷含量的实际和特定地点的测定。必须小心避免从切割的羊齿类植物淋洗到含水层和其他接受者，并必须采取适当的预防措施，以保护工作人员免受羊齿类植物粉尘的暴露。
