Aksoy Serap, Weiss Brian L, Attardo Geoff M
Curr Opin Insect Sci. 2014 Sep;3:43-49. doi: 10.1016/j.cois.2014.07.003.
Tsetse flies (Diptera:Glossinidae) are vectors of African trypanosomes. Tsetse undergo viviparous reproductive biology, and depend on their obligate endosymbiont (genus ) for the maintenance of fecundity and immune system development. Trypanosomes establish infections in the midgut and salivary glands of the fly. Tsetse's resistance to trypanosome infection increases as a function of age. Among the factors that mediate resistance to parasites are antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) produced by the Immune deficiency (Imd) signaling pathway, peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP) LB, tsetse-EP protein and the integrity of the midgut peritrophic matrix (PM) barrier. The presence of obligate during larval development is essential for adult immune system maturation and PM development. Thus, prominently influences the vector competency of it's tsetse host.
采采蝇（双翅目：舌蝇科）是非洲锥虫的传播媒介。采采蝇进行胎生繁殖生物学，并且依赖其专性内共生菌（属 ）来维持繁殖力和免疫系统发育。锥虫在采采蝇的中肠和唾液腺中建立感染。采采蝇对锥虫感染的抵抗力随年龄增长而增强。介导对寄生虫抵抗力的因素包括由免疫缺陷（Imd）信号通路产生的抗菌肽（AMPs）、肽聚糖识别蛋白（PGRP）LB、采采蝇-EP蛋白以及中肠围食膜（PM）屏障的完整性。幼虫发育期间专性 的存在对于成虫免疫系统成熟和PM发育至关重要。因此， 显著影响其采采蝇宿主的媒介能力。
