Irwin A, Weidmann A E
Industrial Psychology Research Centre, School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, William Guild Building, Aberdeen, Scotland AB24 2UB, UK.
School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.
Res Social Adm Pharm. 2015 Sep-Oct;11(5):675-85. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2014.11.006. Epub 2014 Dec 17.
Non-technical skills refer to the social and cognitive factors that may influence efficient and safe job performance. Non-technical skills are an important element of patient safety in a variety of health care disciplines, including surgery, anesthesia and nursing. However, the use of non-technical skills in pharmacy practice has not yet been fully assessed.
To examine attitudes toward, and use of, non-technical skills by pharmacy personnel.
A mixed methods approach was used: An attitude survey explored pharmacy personnel attitudes towards non-technical skills and inter-professional collaboration, with community and hospital pharmacy staff (n = 62). Qualitative interviews were then conducted using the critical incident technique, with community pharmacists (n = 11).
The survey results demonstrated differences in the opinions of community and hospital pharmacists on three non-technical skill constructs: team structure, mutual support, and situation monitoring, with community pharmacists reporting significantly more positive attitudes about all three constructs. Both groups reported low levels of collaboration with primary care physicians. The interviews identified five non-technical skills as key elements of successful pharmacist performance from the interview transcripts: teamwork; leadership; task management; situation awareness; decision-making.
The survey and interviews identified the non-technical skills that are important to pharmacists. This represents the first step towards the development of a behavioral rating system for training purposes that could potentially improve the non-technical skills of pharmacists and enhance patient safety.
非技术技能是指可能影响高效和安全工作表现的社会和认知因素。非技术技能是包括外科手术、麻醉和护理在内的各种医疗保健学科中患者安全的重要组成部分。然而，非技术技能在药学实践中的应用尚未得到充分评估。
考察药学人员对非技术技能的态度及其应用情况。
采用混合方法：一项态度调查探讨了社区和医院药房工作人员（n = 62）对非技术技能和跨专业协作的态度。随后，使用关键事件技术对社区药剂师（n = 11）进行了定性访谈。
调查结果显示，社区药剂师和医院药剂师在团队结构、相互支持和情况监测这三种非技术技能结构方面存在意见差异，社区药剂师对所有这三种结构的态度明显更为积极。两组都报告与初级保健医生的协作水平较低。访谈从访谈记录中确定了五项非技术技能是药剂师成功表现的关键要素：团队合作；领导力；任务管理；态势感知；决策。
调查和访谈确定了对药剂师重要的非技术技能。这是朝着开发用于培训目的的行为评级系统迈出的第一步，该系统有可能提高药剂师的非技术技能并增强患者安全。
