Kurotani Kayo, Kochi Takeshi, Nanri Akiko, Eguchi Masafumi, Kuwahara Keisuke, Tsuruoka Hiroko, Akter Shamima, Ito Rie, Pham Ngoc Minh, Kabe Isamu, Mizoue Tetsuya
Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Health Administration, Furukawa Electric Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.
Sleep Med. 2015 Feb;16(2):298-304. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2014.09.017. Epub 2014 Dec 16.
Experimental studies have shown that some nutrients are involved in initiating and maintaining sleep, but epidemiological evidence on overall dietary patterns and insomnia is scarce. We investigated the relationship between dietary patterns and sleep symptoms in a Japanese working population.
The participants were 2025 workers, aged 18-70 years, who participated in a health survey during a periodic checkup in 2012 and 2013. Dietary intake was assessed with a self-administered diet history questionnaire. Dietary patterns were extracted by principal component analysis on the basis of the energy-adjusted intake of 52 food and beverage items. Sleep duration, difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep, and poor quality of sleep were self-reported. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios of each sleep symptom according to quartile categories of each dietary pattern with adjustment for potential confounding variables.
We identified three major dietary patterns. A healthy pattern, characterized by a high intake of vegetables, mushrooms, potatoes, seaweeds, soy products, and eggs, was associated with a decreased prevalence of difficulty initiating sleep once or more a week (P for trend = 0.03); the multivariate adjusted odds ratio in the highest quartile of this score compared with the lowest was 0.75 (95% CI: 0.57-0.99). This association persisted after the exclusion of individuals with severe depressive symptoms. However, there was no significant association with difficulty initiating sleep at least three times a week.
Our findings suggest that a healthy dietary pattern may be associated with difficulty initiating sleep at least once a week.
实验研究表明，某些营养素参与启动和维持睡眠，但关于总体饮食模式与失眠的流行病学证据却很匮乏。我们调查了日本工作人群的饮食模式与睡眠症状之间的关系。
参与者为2025名年龄在18至70岁之间的工人，他们在2012年和2013年定期体检期间参加了健康调查。通过一份自行填写的饮食史问卷评估饮食摄入量。基于52种食品和饮料的能量调整摄入量，通过主成分分析提取饮食模式。睡眠时长、入睡困难、维持睡眠困难以及睡眠质量差均为自我报告。采用逻辑回归分析，根据每种饮食模式的四分位数类别，并对潜在混杂变量进行调整，来估计每种睡眠症状的比值比。
我们确定了三种主要饮食模式。一种健康模式，其特点是蔬菜、蘑菇、土豆、海藻、豆制品和鸡蛋摄入量高，与每周出现一次或多次入睡困难的患病率降低相关（趋势P值 = 0.03）；该评分最高四分位数与最低四分位数相比，多变量调整后的比值比为0.75（95%置信区间：0.57 - 0.99）。排除有严重抑郁症状的个体后，这种关联依然存在。然而，与每周至少出现三次入睡困难并无显著关联。
我们的研究结果表明，健康的饮食模式可能与每周至少出现一次入睡困难有关。
