Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Health Administration, Furukawa Electric Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.
Nutrition. 2018 Apr;48:48-54. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.10.023. Epub 2017 Nov 27.
We explored the association of 3-year adherence to a dietary pattern based on nutrients that may be related to mood with the development of depressive symptoms in Japanese employees.
Participants were 903 employees free from depressive symptoms at baseline and who attended the 3-year follow-up. Participants with depressive symptoms were defined as those with a score ≥16 on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Dietary patterns were derived using reduced-rank regression at baseline and at the 3-year follow-up survey using a validated, self-administered diet history questionnaire. Based on changes in dietary pattern scores between baseline and follow-up surveys, participants were categorized into four groups: Maintained high scores, improved scores, decreased scores, and maintained low scores. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios of depressive symptoms according to changes in dietary pattern scores.
Maintaining high or improving adherence to a diet rich in vegetables, mushrooms, seaweeds, soybean products, green tea, potatoes, fruits, and fish and low in rice over 3 y was associated with a decreased risk of depressive symptoms. The multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) of developing depressive symptoms for maintained high scores versus maintained low scores was 0.57 (0.35-0.93) and for improved scores versus maintained low scores was 0.54 (0.29-1.01). The association with the severe depressive status was more pronounced.
Maintaining high or improving adherence to a dietary pattern derived by reduced-rank regression is associated with a lower risk of depression among Japanese employees.
我们探讨了基于可能与情绪相关的营养物质的饮食模式的 3 年依从性与日本员工抑郁症状发展之间的关联。
共有 903 名基线时无抑郁症状且参加了 3 年随访的员工参与了此项研究。抑郁症状患者的定义为在中心流行病学研究抑郁量表上的得分为≥16 分的患者。在基线和 3 年随访调查中使用降秩回归来确定饮食模式，使用经过验证的自我管理饮食史问卷。根据基线和随访调查中饮食模式评分的变化，将参与者分为四组：保持高分、提高分数、降低分数和保持低分。使用逻辑回归来估计根据饮食模式评分变化发生抑郁症状的比值比。
3 年内保持或改善富含蔬菜、蘑菇、海藻、豆制品、绿茶、土豆、水果和鱼类且低米饭的饮食，与抑郁症状风险降低相关。与保持低分相比，保持高分的多变量调整比值比（95%置信区间）为 0.57（0.35-0.93），而提高分数与保持低分相比为 0.54（0.29-1.01）。与严重抑郁状态的相关性更为显著。
通过降秩回归得出的维持或改善饮食模式与日本员工的抑郁风险降低相关。
