Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Research Development Center, Arash Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Sleep Med Rev. 2024 Jun;75:101936. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2024.101936. Epub 2024 Apr 15.
We aimed to systematically review and synthesize the available evidence regarding the link between dietary patterns and insomnia symptoms among the general population using observational studies. We reviewed 16,455 references, of which 37 studies met inclusion criteria with a total sample size of 591,223. There was a significant association of the Mediterranean diet (OR: 0.86; 95 % CI, 0.79, 0.93; P < 0.001; I = 32.68 %), a high-quality diet (OR: 0.66; 95 % CI, 0.48, 0.90; P = 0.010; I = 84.62 %), and an empirically-derived healthy dietary pattern (OR: 0.91; 95 % CI, 0.85, 0.98; P = 0.010; I = 57.14 %) with a decreased risk of insomnia symptoms. Moreover, the dietary glycemic index (OR: 1.16; 95 % CI, 1.08, 1.25; P < 0.001; I = 0.0 %), the dietary glycemic load (OR: 1.10; 95 % CI, 1.01, 1.20; P = 0.032; I = 74.36 %), and an empirically-derived unhealthy dietary pattern (OR: 1.20; 95 % CI, 1.01, 1.42; P = 0.040; I = 68.38 %) were linked with a higher risk of insomnia symptoms. Most individual studies were of good quality (NOS) but provided very low certainty of evidence (GRADE). Consistent data reveals that following healthy diets is associated with decreased insomnia symptoms prevalence, while adherence to an unhealthy pattern is associated with an increased prevalence of insomnia symptoms.
我们旨在通过观察性研究系统地回顾和综合关于一般人群饮食模式与失眠症状之间关联的现有证据。我们查阅了 16455 篇参考文献，其中 37 项研究符合纳入标准，总样本量为 591223 人。存在显著关联的饮食模式包括地中海饮食（OR：0.86；95%CI，0.79，0.93；P<0.001；I=32.68%）、高质量饮食（OR：0.66；95%CI，0.48，0.90；P=0.010；I=84.62%）和经验证的健康饮食模式（OR：0.91；95%CI，0.85，0.98；P=0.010；I=57.14%），这些模式与失眠症状风险降低有关。此外，饮食的血糖指数（OR：1.16；95%CI，1.08，1.25；P<0.001；I=0.0%）、饮食的血糖负荷（OR：1.10；95%CI，1.01，1.20；P=0.032；I=74.36%）和经验证的不健康饮食模式（OR：1.20；95%CI，1.01，1.42；P=0.040；I=68.38%）与失眠症状的风险增加相关。大多数单项研究的质量较高（NOS），但证据确定性非常低（GRADE）。一致性数据表明，遵循健康饮食与降低失眠症状的患病率有关，而遵循不健康模式与失眠症状的患病率增加有关。
