Thakkar Katharine N, Schall Jeffrey D, Logan Gordon D, Park Sohee
Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Center for Integrative Cognitive Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Vision Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
Psychiatry Res. 2015 Feb 28;225(3):254-62. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.12.033. Epub 2014 Dec 31.
The objective of the present study was to compare two components of executive functioning, response monitoring and inhibition, in bipolar disorder (BP) and schizophrenia (SZ). The saccadic countermanding task is a translational paradigm optimized for detecting subtle abnormalities in response monitoring and response inhibition. We have previously reported countermanding performance abnormalities in SZ, but the degree to which these impairments are shared by other psychotic disorders is unknown. 18 BP, 17 SZ, and 16 demographically matched healthy controls (HC) participated in a saccadic countermanding task. Performance on the countermanding task is approximated as a race between movement generation and inhibition processes; this model provides an estimate of the time needed to cancel a planned movement. Response monitoring was assessed by the reaction time (RT) adjustments based on trial history. Like SZ patients, BP patients needed more time to cancel a planned movement. The two patient groups had equivalent inhibition efficiency. On trial history-based RT adjustments, however, we found a trend towards exaggerated trial history-based slowing in SZ compared to BP. Findings have implications for understanding the neurobiology of cognitive control, for defining the etiological overlap between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and for developing pharmacological treatments of cognitive impairments.
本研究的目的是比较双相情感障碍（BP）和精神分裂症（SZ）患者执行功能的两个组成部分，即反应监测和抑制。扫视取消任务是一种经过优化的转化范式，用于检测反应监测和反应抑制方面的细微异常。我们之前曾报道过精神分裂症患者存在扫视取消任务表现异常，但其他精神障碍在多大程度上也存在这些损害尚不清楚。18名双相情感障碍患者、17名精神分裂症患者和16名人口统计学匹配的健康对照者（HC）参与了扫视取消任务。取消任务的表现可近似看作运动产生和抑制过程之间的一场竞赛；该模型提供了取消计划运动所需时间的估计值。通过基于试验历史的反应时间（RT）调整来评估反应监测。与精神分裂症患者一样，双相情感障碍患者取消计划运动需要更多时间。两组患者的抑制效率相当。然而，在基于试验历史的RT调整方面，我们发现与双相情感障碍患者相比，精神分裂症患者存在基于试验历史的过度减慢趋势。这些发现对于理解认知控制的神经生物学、界定精神分裂症和双相情感障碍之间的病因重叠以及开发认知障碍的药物治疗具有重要意义。
