Staggers Nancy, Iribarren Sarah, Guo Jia-Wen, Weir Charlene
University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, NY, USA.
West J Nurs Res. 2015 Jul;37(7):899-921. doi: 10.1177/0193945914566641. Epub 2015 Jan 18.
Barcode medication administration (BCMA) systems can reduce medication errors, but sociotechnical issues are quite common. Although crucial to nurses' work, few usability evaluations are available for electronic medication administration record (eMARs) screens. The purpose of this research was to identify current usability problems in the Veterans Administration's (VA) eMAR/BCMA system and explore how these might affect nurses' situation awareness (SA). Three expert evaluators used 10 tasks/elements, heuristic evaluation techniques, and explored potential impacts using a SA perspective. The results yielded 99 usability problems categorized into 440 heuristic violations with the largest volume in the category of Match With the Real World. Fifteen usability issues were rated as catastrophic with the Administer/Chart medications task having the most. Situational awareness was affected at all levels, especially at Level 2, Comprehension. Usability problems point to important areas for improvement, because these issues have the potential to affect nurses' SA, "at a glance" information, nurse productivity, and patient safety.
条形码给药系统（BCMA）可减少用药错误，但社会技术问题却相当常见。尽管对护士工作至关重要，但针对电子给药记录（eMARs）屏幕的可用性评估却很少。本研究的目的是识别退伍军人事务部（VA）的eMAR/BCMA系统当前存在的可用性问题，并探讨这些问题可能如何影响护士的态势感知（SA）。三名专家评估员使用10项任务/要素、启发式评估技术，并从态势感知的角度探讨潜在影响。结果产生了99个可用性问题，分为440个启发式违规，其中“与现实世界匹配”类别中的数量最多。15个可用性问题被评为灾难性问题，其中“给药/记录用药”任务的问题最多。态势感知在各个层面都受到了影响，尤其是在第2级“理解”层面。可用性问题指出了重要的改进领域，因为这些问题有可能影响护士的态势感知、“一目了然”的信息、护士的工作效率以及患者安全。
