Selvaraj Jonathan Nimal, Wang Yan, Zhou Lu, Zhao Yueju, Xing Fuguo, Dai Xiaofeng, Liu Yang
a Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing , Ministry of Agriculture , Beijing , China.
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2015;32(4):440-52. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1010185. Epub 2015 Feb 23.
Mycotoxin contamination in agro-food systems has been a serious concern over the last few decades in China, where the Ministry of Health has set maximum limits for mycotoxins in different agro-products. Overall survey data show that aflatoxin contamination in infant cereals, edible oils, raw milk, ginger and its related products are far below Chinese regulatory limits. The absence of aflatoxin M1 contamination in infant milk powders indicates a high standard of control. Aflatoxins in liquorice roots and lotus seeds have been reported for the first time. For deoxynivalenol, high levels were found in wheat grown in the Yangtze Delta region, which is more prone to rainfall, supporting Fusarium infection. The emerging mycotoxins beauvericins and enniatins have been reported in the medicinal herbs in China. Ochratoxin A in wine was below the European Union regulatory limits, but fumonisins in maize need to be monitored and future regulatory control considered. Overall from all the survey data analysed in this review, it can be concluded that 92% of the samples analysed had mycotoxin levels below the Chinese regulatory limits. In terms of detection techniques in recent years, immuno-based assays have been developed largely due to their excellent sensitivity and ease of use. Assays targeting multiple mycotoxins like aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, zearalenone and deoxynivalenol have been reported using microarrays and suspension arrays targeting in particular maize, rice and peanuts. Aptamer-based assays against ochratoxin A and aflatoxins B1 and B2 have been developed involving fluorescence detection; and surface plasmon resonance immunosensors have been developed targeting wine, maize, wheat, wild rye, hay and peanut oil with high sensitivity (> 0.025 ng l(-1)). Commercialisation of these technologies is much needed for wider usage in the coming years.
在过去几十年里，中国农产品和食品系统中的霉菌毒素污染一直是一个严重问题，中国卫生部已对不同农产品中的霉菌毒素设定了最大限量。总体调查数据显示，婴儿谷物、食用油、生鲜乳、生姜及其相关产品中的黄曲霉毒素污染远低于中国监管限值。婴儿奶粉中未检测到黄曲霉毒素M1，这表明监管标准很高。首次报道了甘草根和莲子中的黄曲霉毒素。对于脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇，在长江三角洲地区种植的小麦中发现了高含量，该地区降雨较多，有利于镰刀菌感染。中国的草药中已报道了新出现的霉菌毒素白僵菌素和恩镰孢菌素。葡萄酒中的赭曲霉毒素A低于欧盟监管限值，但玉米中的伏马毒素需要监测，并考虑未来的监管控制。总体而言，从本综述分析的所有调查数据来看，可以得出结论，92%的分析样本中的霉菌毒素水平低于中国监管限值。就近年来的检测技术而言，基于免疫的检测方法因其出色的灵敏度和易用性而得到了很大发展。已报道使用微阵列和悬浮阵列检测针对黄曲霉毒素、赭曲霉毒素A、玉米赤霉烯酮和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇等多种霉菌毒素，特别是针对玉米、大米和花生。已开发出针对赭曲霉毒素A以及黄曲霉毒素B1和B2的基于适体的检测方法，涉及荧光检测；并且已开发出表面等离子体共振免疫传感器，用于检测葡萄酒、玉米、小麦、野黑麦、干草和花生油，灵敏度很高（>0.025 ng l(-1)）。这些技术的商业化在未来几年非常需要，以便更广泛地应用。
