Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd., Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Toxins (Basel). 2024 Jul 27;16(8):334. doi: 10.3390/toxins16080334.
This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of aflatoxin B (AFB) and extract (TLE) in the diets of Cherry Valley ducklings. Our investigation covered growth indicators, blood biochemical indices, meat quality, intestinal morphology, immune response, and CP450 enzyme-related gene expression. We conducted the study with 180 seven-day-old Cherry Valley ducks, randomly divided into five dietary treatments. These treatments included a basal diet without AFB (T1 group), TLE, or a commercial binder; the basal diet containing 0.1 mg AFB/kg (T2 group), 0.1 mg AFB/kg and 100 mg TLE/kg (T3 group), 0.1 mg AFB/kg and 200 mg TLE/kg (T4 group), and 0.1 mg AFB/kg and 0.5 g/kg of a commercial binder (T5 group), respectively. Ducklings fed with the T2 diet exhibited lower final body weight (BW), average body weight gain (ADG), and poor feed conversion ratio (FCR) during the 42-day trials. However, all ducklings in the T3, T4, and T5 groups showed significant improvements in final BW, ADG, and FCR compared to the T2 group. Increased alanine transaminase (ALT) concentration and increased expression of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 indicated hepatotoxicity in ducklings fed the T2 diet. In contrast, ducklings fed T3, T4, and T5 diets all showed a decrease in the expression of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2, but only the T4 treatment group showed improvement in ALT concentration. AFB toxicity considerably raised the crypt depth (CD) in both the duodenum and jejunum of the T2 group, while the administration of 200 mg TLE/kg (T4) or a commercial binder (T5) effectively reduced this toxicity. Additionally, the villus width of the jejunum in the T2 treatment group decreased significantly, while all T3, T4, and T5 groups showed improvement in this regard. In summary, extract can detoxify aflatoxicosis, leading to growth reduction and hepatic toxicosis in Cherry Valley ducklings.
本研究旨在评估黄曲霉毒素 B（AFB）和提取物（TLE）在樱桃谷鸭饲料中的功效。我们的研究涵盖了生长指标、血液生化指标、肉质、肠道形态、免疫反应和 CP450 酶相关基因表达。我们用 180 只 7 日龄樱桃谷鸭进行了这项研究，这些鸭子被随机分为五个饲料处理组。这些处理组包括不含 AFB 的基础日粮（T1 组）、TLE 或商业粘合剂；基础日粮中含有 0.1mg AFB/kg（T2 组）、0.1mg AFB/kg 和 100mg TLE/kg（T3 组）、0.1mg AFB/kg 和 200mg TLE/kg（T4 组）以及 0.1mg AFB/kg 和 0.5g/kg 商业粘合剂（T5 组）。在 42 天的试验中，用 T2 日粮喂养的鸭子体重（BW）、平均体重增加（ADG）和饲料转化率（FCR）较低。然而，与 T2 组相比，T3、T4 和 T5 组的所有鸭子的最终 BW、ADG 和 FCR 都有显著提高。用 T2 日粮喂养的鸭子的丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）浓度升高，CYP1A1 和 CYP1A2 的表达增加，表明其出现了肝毒性。相反，用 T3、T4 和 T5 日粮喂养的鸭子的 CYP1A1 和 CYP1A2 的表达都有所下降，而只有 T4 处理组的 ALT 浓度有所改善。AFB 毒性显著增加了 T2 组十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度（CD），而添加 200mg TLE/kg（T4）或商业粘合剂（T5）可有效降低这种毒性。此外，T2 处理组的空肠绒毛宽度显著降低，而所有 T3、T4 和 T5 组都有所改善。综上所述，TLE 可以解毒黄曲霉毒素，导致樱桃谷鸭生长受阻和肝毒性。
