College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Toxins (Basel). 2021 Sep 17;13(9):665. doi: 10.3390/toxins13090665.
This study investigated the effect of moderate risk level (8 µg/kg) AFB in diet supplemented with or without adsorbents on lactation performance, serum parameters, milk AFM content of healthy lactating cows and the AFM residue exposure risk in different human age groups. Forty late healthy lactating Holstein cows (270 ± 22 d in milk; daily milk yield 21 ± 3.1 kg/d) were randomly assigned to four treatments: control diet without AFB and adsorbents (CON), CON with 8 μg/kg AFB (dry matter basis, AF), AF + 15 g/d adsorbent 1 (AD1), AF + 15 g/d adsorbent 2 (AD2). The experiment lasted for 19 days, including an AFB-challenge phase (day 1 to 14) and an AFB-withdraw phase (day 15 to 19). Results showed that both AFB and adsorbents treatments had no significant effects on the DMI, milk yield, 3.5% FCM yield, milk components and serum parameters. Compared with the AF, AD1 and AD2 had significantly lower milk AFM concentrations (93 ng/L vs. 46 ng/L vs. 51 ng/L) and transfer rates of dietary AFB into milk AFM (1.16% vs. 0.57% vs. 0.63%) ( < 0.05). Children aged 2-4 years old had the highest exposure risk to AFM in milk in AF, with an EDI of 1.02 ng/kg bw/day and a HI of 5.11 (HI > 1 indicates a potential risk for liver cancer). Both AD1 and AD2 had obviously reductions in EDI and HI for all population groups, whereas, the EDI (≥0.25 ng/kg bw/day) and HI (≥1.23) of children aged 2-11 years old were still higher than the suggested tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 0.20 ng/kg bw/day and 1.00 (HI). In conclusion, moderate risk level AFB in the diet of healthy lactating cows could cause a public health hazard and adding adsorbents in the dairy diet is an effective measure to remit AFM residue in milk and its exposure risk for humans.
本研究旨在探讨中等风险水平（8μg/kg）黄曲霉毒素 B1（AFB1）在添加或不添加吸附剂的饮食中对健康泌乳奶牛泌乳性能、血清参数、乳中 AFM1 含量的影响，以及不同年龄组人群的 AFM1 残留暴露风险。选择 40 头健康泌乳后期荷斯坦奶牛（泌乳 270±22 天，日平均产奶量 21±3.1kg/d），随机分为 4 个处理组：对照组（CON）不添加 AFB1 和吸附剂、CON 添加 8μg/kg AFB1（干物质基础，AF）、AF 添加 15g/d 吸附剂 1（AD1）、AF 添加 15g/d 吸附剂 2（AD2）。试验持续 19 天，包括 AFB1 攻毒阶段（第 1 天至第 14 天）和 AFB1 撤毒阶段（第 15 天至第 19 天）。结果表明，AFB1 和吸附剂处理对奶牛的干物质采食量、产奶量、3.5%乳脂率、乳成分和血清参数均无显著影响。与 AF 相比，AD1 和 AD2 组乳中 AFM1 浓度（93ng/L 比 46ng/L 比 51ng/L）和 AFB1 向乳中 AFM1 的转化率（1.16%比 0.57%比 0.63%）显著降低（<0.05）。AF 组 2-4 岁儿童对乳中 AFM1 的暴露风险最高，其 EDI 为 1.02ng/kg bw/day，HI 为 5.11（HI>1 表示肝癌潜在风险）。AD1 和 AD2 均明显降低了各人群的 EDI 和 HI，但 2-11 岁儿童的 EDI（≥0.25ng/kg bw/day）和 HI（≥1.23）仍高于建议的耐受日摄入量（TDI）0.20ng/kg bw/day 和 1.00（HI）。综上所述，健康泌乳奶牛日粮中中等风险水平的 AFB1 可能会对公共健康造成危害，在奶牛日粮中添加吸附剂是减少乳中 AFM1 残留及其对人类暴露风险的有效措施。
