Starzyńska Anna, Pawłowska Anita, Renkielska Dorota, Michajłowski Igor, Sobjanek Michał, Błażewicz Izabela
Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland. Head of the Department: Prof. Adam Włodarkiewicz MD, PhD.
Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland. Head of the Department: Prof. Roman Nowicki MD, PhD.
Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2014 Dec;31(6):341-50. doi: 10.5114/pdia.2014.40932. Epub 2014 Dec 3.
Leukoplakia is the most common potentially malignant condition of the oral cavity.
Epidemiological and clinical analysis of patients with oral leukoplakia (OL) diagnosed and treated in the Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk.
The study was retrospective and prospective. Among 55 911 patients diagnosed and treated in the Department in 1999-2009, 204 people with OL were selected. The material includes 104 women and 100 men with an average age of 58.1. Most of the patients were in the age group of 50-70 years, average age was 58.1.
The most common concomitant disease was diabetes. More than 88% of the patients declared occurrence of OL predisposing development factors (50.49% - cigarette smoking). Three hundred and twenty foci of OL were found among patients. Homogeneous OL dominated (72.05%). Multifocal OL was diagnosed in 58.3% of patients. The most common location of lesions was buccal mucosa (52.2%). Cancers developed on the basis of OL in 7 patients (3.43%). The percentage of malignant transformation was 12.19% for untreated patients and 1.41% for treated patients. The floor of the oral cavity was proven to be the location of the highest risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Patients with diabetes may be more likely to develop OL. The risk of malignant transformation is relatively high. In our material it was equal to 3.43%.
Cigarette smoking is the most important factor, which can influence the effectiveness of treatment.
白斑是口腔最常见的潜在恶性病变。
对格但斯克医科大学颌面与口腔外科诊断和治疗的口腔白斑（OL）患者进行流行病学和临床分析。
本研究为回顾性和前瞻性研究。在1999 - 2009年该科室诊断和治疗的55911例患者中，选取了204例OL患者。材料包括104名女性和100名男性，平均年龄58.1岁。大多数患者年龄在50 - 70岁之间，平均年龄为58.1岁。
最常见的伴随疾病是糖尿病。超过88%的患者声明存在OL诱发发展因素（50.49% - 吸烟）。在患者中发现320个OL病灶。均质型OL占主导（72.05%）。58.3%的患者被诊断为多灶性OL。病变最常见的部位是颊黏膜（52.2%）。7例患者（3.43%）在OL基础上发生了癌症。未治疗患者的恶性转化率为12.19%，治疗患者为1.41%。口腔底部被证明是口腔鳞状细胞癌风险最高的部位。糖尿病患者可能更容易发生OL。恶性转化风险相对较高。在我们的材料中，这一比例为3.43%。
吸烟是影响治疗效果的最重要因素。
