Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ; Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014;2014:975450. doi: 10.1155/2014/975450. Epub 2014 Dec 24.
Clausena excavata (Lour.), locally known as "Kemantu hitam," is a common plant in Malaysian folklore medicine. This study evaluated the antioxidant properties of the solvent extracts of C. excavata leaves and determined the acute toxicity of methanolic extract C. excavata (MECE) leaves in Sprague-Dawley rats. Harvested leaves were dried and subjected to solvent extraction using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol in succession. The antioxidant activity of each extract was determined using the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl dihydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoids content (TFC) were estimated by Folin-Ciocalteu and ethanolic aluminium chloride method, respectively. The chloroform extract was found to be highest in flavonoid content, while the methanolic extract showed the highest TPC and antioxidant activity. There was no mortality in rats treated with MECE leaves even at a high dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight. However, the MECE leaves produced mild to moderate pathological changes in the liver and kidneys, shown by mild degenerative changes and leucocyte infiltration. The extract did not affect the haematological parameters or relative weights of the liver or kidneys. Overall, the MECE leaves have potent antioxidant activity and are presumed safe to be used orally as health-promoting product at low to moderate doses.
九里香（Clausena excavata (Lour.)），俗称“黑九吐”，是马来西亚民间医学中常见的植物。本研究评估了九里香叶片溶剂提取物的抗氧化特性，并测定了九里香甲醇提取物（MECE）叶片对 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠的急性毒性。采集的叶片干燥后，依次用石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯和甲醇进行溶剂提取。采用铁还原抗氧化能力（FRAP）和 2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼基（DPPH）自由基清除活性测定各提取物的抗氧化活性。总酚含量（TPC）和总黄酮含量（TFC）分别用福林-酚试剂法和乙醇铝氯化物法测定。结果表明，氯仿提取物的黄酮类化合物含量最高，而甲醇提取物的 TPC 和抗氧化活性最高。即使在 5000mg/kg 体重的高剂量下，MECE 叶片处理的大鼠也没有死亡。然而，MECE 叶片在肝脏和肾脏中产生了轻微到中度的病理变化，表现为轻度退行性变化和白细胞浸润。该提取物未影响血液学参数或肝脏和肾脏的相对重量。总体而言，MECE 叶片具有很强的抗氧化活性，可作为低剂量到中等剂量的口服保健产品安全使用。
