马萨诸塞州波士顿市区天然气基础设施及使用过程中的甲烷排放。
Methane emissions from natural gas infrastructure and use in the urban region of Boston, Massachusetts.
作者信息
McKain Kathryn, Down Adrian, Raciti Steve M, Budney John, Hutyra Lucy R, Floerchinger Cody, Herndon Scott C, Nehrkorn Thomas, Zahniser Mark S, Jackson Robert B, Phillips Nathan, Wofsy Steven C
机构信息
School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138;
Nicholas School of the Environment and Center on Global Change, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708;
出版信息
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015 Feb 17;112(7):1941-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1416261112. Epub 2015 Jan 23.
Methane emissions from natural gas delivery and end use must be quantified to evaluate the environmental impacts of natural gas and to develop and assess the efficacy of emission reduction strategies. We report natural gas emission rates for 1 y in the urban region of Boston, using a comprehensive atmospheric measurement and modeling framework. Continuous methane observations from four stations are combined with a high-resolution transport model to quantify the regional average emission flux, 18.5 ± 3.7 (95% confidence interval) g CH4 ⋅ m(-2) ⋅ y(-1). Simultaneous observations of atmospheric ethane, compared with the ethane-to-methane ratio in the pipeline gas delivered to the region, demonstrate that natural gas accounted for ∼ 60-100% of methane emissions, depending on season. Using government statistics and geospatial data on natural gas use, we find the average fractional loss rate to the atmosphere from all downstream components of the natural gas system, including transmission, distribution, and end use, was 2.7 ± 0.6% in the Boston urban region, with little seasonal variability. This fraction is notably higher than the 1.1% implied by the most closely comparable emission inventory.
必须对天然气输送和终端使用过程中的甲烷排放进行量化，以评估天然气对环境的影响，并制定和评估减排策略的有效性。我们使用一个全面的大气测量和建模框架，报告了波士顿市区1年的天然气排放率。来自四个站点的连续甲烷观测数据与一个高分辨率传输模型相结合，以量化区域平均排放通量，即18.5±3.7（95%置信区间）克甲烷·平方米⁻¹·年⁻¹。将大气乙烷的同步观测数据与输送到该地区的管道气中的乙烷与甲烷比率进行比较，结果表明，根据季节不同，天然气占甲烷排放的比例约为60%至100%。利用政府统计数据和天然气使用的地理空间数据，我们发现，在波士顿市区，天然气系统所有下游组件（包括输送、配送和终端使用）向大气排放的平均损失率为2.7±0.6%，季节性变化很小。这一比例明显高于最具可比性的排放清单所显示的1.1%。
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