Aguilar Cordero María José, Sánchez López Antonio Manuel, Madrid Baños Nayra, Mur Villar Norma, Expósito Ruiz Manuela, Hermoso Rodríguez Enrique
Departamento de Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada. Hospital Clínico San Cecilio de Granada, España..
Grupo de Investigación CTS 367, Plan Andaluz de Investigación, Junta de Andalucía, Departamento de Enfermería. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad de Granada, España..
Nutr Hosp. 2014 Nov 30;31(2):606-20. doi: 10.3305/nh.2015.31.2.8458.
Breastfeeding is a recommended practice from national and international institutions due to the health benefits that it provides, both for the nursling and for the mother. Nowadays, overweight and obesity result in greater morbidity along different life periods.
The goal of this systematic review is to explore the characteristics of breastfeeding in the prevention of overweight and obesity during childhood.
A systematic search has been carried out and 113 papers have been selected: 20 meta-analysis and reviews, 6 original papers of clinical trials, 42 cohort or longitudinal studies, 19 correlational studies, 24 descriptive studies and 2 books.
According to the analysed papers, there is a causal relationship between breastfeeding and the prevention of childhood obesity.
DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: In the various studies explored, it has been observed that the maximum benefits of breastfeeding are obtained when its duration is longer than 6 months and when it extends for two years, complemented with other foodstuffs. Other studies show that breastfeeding is effective in obesity prevention, even when its duration is limited. It is also important that complementary foods are introduced after the first six months of age, so as to reduce food allergy risk and to prevent obesity. Similarly, the weight of the mother during pregnancy has been associated with childhood obesity, as well as the weight of the child when he was born and other factors like maternal smoking and socioeconomic status.
由于母乳喂养对婴儿和母亲都有健康益处，因此它是国家和国际机构推荐的做法。如今，超重和肥胖在不同生命阶段会导致更高的发病率。
本系统评价的目的是探讨母乳喂养在预防儿童期超重和肥胖方面的特点。
进行了系统检索，共筛选出113篇论文：20篇荟萃分析和综述、6篇临床试验原创论文、42篇队列或纵向研究、19篇相关性研究、24篇描述性研究以及2本书籍。
根据分析的论文，母乳喂养与预防儿童肥胖之间存在因果关系。
讨论/结论：在所探讨的各项研究中，观察到母乳喂养持续时间超过6个月且持续两年并辅以其他食物时，能获得最大益处。其他研究表明，即使母乳喂养时间有限，它在预防肥胖方面也是有效的。同样重要的是，在婴儿6个月大之后引入辅食，以降低食物过敏风险并预防肥胖。此外，母亲孕期体重、孩子出生时的体重以及其他因素如母亲吸烟和社会经济地位都与儿童肥胖有关。
