Buchanan John J, Ramos Jorge, Robson Nina
Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4243, USA,
Exp Brain Res. 2015 Apr;233(4):1289-305. doi: 10.1007/s00221-015-4207-y. Epub 2015 Jan 25.
Action competency is defined as the ability of an individual to self-evaluate their own performance capabilities. The current experiment demonstrated that physical and observational training with a motor skill alters action competency ratings in a similar manner. Using a pre-test and post-test protocol, the results revealed that action competency is constrained prior to training by the intrinsic dynamics of relative phase (ϕ), with in-phase (ϕ = 0°) and anti-phase (ϕ = 180°) patterns receiving higher competency ratings than other relative phase patterns. After 2 days of training, action competency ratings for two trained relative phase patterns, +60° and +120°, increased following physical practice or observational practice. A transfer test revealed that both physical performance ability and action competency ability transferred to the symmetry partners (-60° and -120°) of the two trained relative phase patterns following physical or observational training. The findings also revealed that relative motion direction acts as categorical information that helps to organize action production and facilitate action competency. The results are interpreted based on the coordination dynamics theory of perception-action coupling, and extend this theory by showing that visual perception, action production, and action competency are all constrained in a consistent manner by the dynamics of the order parameter relative phase. As a whole, the findings revealed that relative motion, relative phase, and possibly relative amplitude information are all distinct sources of information that contribute to the emergence of a kinematic understanding of action in the nervous system.
动作能力被定义为个体自我评估自身表现能力的能力。当前实验表明，对运动技能进行身体训练和观察训练会以相似的方式改变动作能力评级。使用前测和后测方案，结果显示在训练之前，动作能力受相对相位（ϕ）的内在动力学约束，同相（ϕ = 0°）和反相（ϕ = 180°）模式比其他相对相位模式获得更高的能力评级。经过2天的训练，在进行身体练习或观察练习后，两种训练过的相对相位模式（+60°和+120°）的动作能力评级有所提高。一项迁移测试表明，在进行身体训练或观察训练后，身体表现能力和动作能力都迁移到了两种训练过的相对相位模式的对称模式（-60°和-120°）上。研究结果还表明，相对运动方向作为一种分类信息，有助于组织动作产生并促进动作能力。基于感知 - 动作耦合的协调动力学理论对结果进行了解释，并通过表明视觉感知、动作产生和动作能力都以一致的方式受序参量相对相位的动力学约束来扩展了该理论。总体而言，研究结果表明相对运动、相对相位以及可能的相对幅度信息都是有助于在神经系统中形成对动作的运动学理解的不同信息来源。
