Berghuis Sietske A, Bos Arend F, Sauer Pieter J J, Roze Elise
Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands,
Arch Toxicol. 2015 May;89(5):687-709. doi: 10.1007/s00204-015-1463-3. Epub 2015 Jan 25.
Organohalogens are persistent organic pollutants that have a wide range of chemical application. There is growing evidence that several of these chemical compounds interfere with human development in various ways. The aim of this review is to provide an update on the relationship between various persistent organic pollutants and childhood neurodevelopmental outcome from studies from the past 10 years. This review focuses on exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hydroxylated PCBs (OH-PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), and in addition on exposure to phthalates, bisphenol A, and perfluorinated compounds and their associations with neurodevelopmental outcome in childhood, up to 18 years of age. This review shows that exposure to environmental chemicals affects neurodevelopmental outcome in children. Regarding exposure to PCBs and OH-PCBs, most studies report no or inverse associations with neurodevelopmental outcomes. Regarding exposure to PBDEs, lower mental development, psychomotor development and IQ were found at preschool age, and poorer attention at school age. Regarding exposure to DDE, most studies reported inverse associations with outcome, while others found no associations. Significant relations were particularly found at early infancy on psychomotor development, on attention and ADHD, whereas at school age, no adverse relationships were described. Additionally, several studies report gender-related vulnerability. Future research should focus on the long-term effects of prenatal and childhood exposure to these environmental chemicals, on sex-specific and combined exposure effects of environmental chemicals, and on possible mechanisms by which these chemicals have their effects on neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes.
有机卤化物是一类具有广泛化学用途的持久性有机污染物。越来越多的证据表明，其中几种化合物会以多种方式干扰人类发育。本综述的目的是根据过去10年的研究，更新各种持久性有机污染物与儿童神经发育结果之间的关系。本综述重点关注多氯联苯（PCBs）、羟基化多氯联苯（OH-PCBs）、多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）和二氯二苯二氯乙烯（DDE）的暴露情况，此外还关注邻苯二甲酸盐、双酚A和全氟化合物的暴露情况及其与18岁以下儿童神经发育结果的关联。本综述表明，接触环境化学物质会影响儿童的神经发育结果。关于多氯联苯和羟基化多氯联苯的暴露，大多数研究报告与神经发育结果无关联或呈负相关。关于多溴二苯醚的暴露，在学龄前儿童中发现其心理发育、精神运动发育和智商较低，在学龄儿童中注意力较差。关于二氯二苯二氯乙烯的暴露，大多数研究报告与结果呈负相关，而其他研究则未发现关联。特别是在婴儿早期，发现其与精神运动发育、注意力和注意力缺陷多动障碍存在显著关系，而在学龄期，未发现不良关系。此外，多项研究报告了性别相关的易感性。未来的研究应关注产前和儿童期接触这些环境化学物质的长期影响、环境化学物质的性别特异性和联合暴露影响，以及这些化学物质对神经发育和行为结果产生影响的可能机制。
