Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Neurotoxicology. 2019 May;72:6-14. doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.01.003. Epub 2019 Jan 18.
Organohalogen compounds (OHCs), i.e. polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs, are wide-spread environmental pollutants known to be neurotoxic for the developing brain. The hydroxylated metabolites of PCBs, OH-PCBs, might be even more toxic due to their structure and interference with thyroid hormone metabolism. We found that prenatal exposure to OH-PCBs was associated with thyroid hormone metabolism at toddler age. Little, however, is known about the neurotoxicity of OH-PCBs in humans.
To determine whether prenatal background exposure to OHCs has an effect on mental and motor development in children at the age of 18 and 30 months.
One hundred and eighty-one healthy mother-infant pairs were included in this observational study performed in the Netherlands. We measured maternal pregnancy levels of PCB-153 and three OH-PCBs. In one part of the cohort we measured another nine PCBs and three OH-PCBs and in the other part we measured five brominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs), dichloro-diphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), pentachlorophenol (PCP), and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD). We used the mental development index (MDI) and the motor development index (PDI) of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II (BSID-II) to assess children's mental and motor development (mean = 100; delayed score <85).
Higher prenatal PCB-153 levels were associated with a delayed MDI score at 18 months. None of the other compounds were associated with a delayed score, but several associations were found between OHC levels and BSID-II scores. The sum of all six OH-PCBs and three individual OH-PCBs, 4-OH-PCB-107, 3-OH-PCB-153, and 4'-OH-PCB-172, correlated positively with MDI at 30 months. The compound 3'-OH-PCB-138 showed a similar trend. A higher 4-OH-PCB-187 was associated with a lower MDI at 18 months. We found a similar trend for higher BDE-99. Higher BDE levels were associated with higher PDI at 18 months. The levels of p,p'-DDE-, PCP, and HBCDD were not associated with BSID-II scores at 18 months.
Higher prenatal levels of PCB-153 were associated with a delayed MDI score at 18 months. None of the other compounds were associated with a delayed score, but several associations were found between OHC levels and BSID-II scores. Prenatal OH-PCBs were positively associated with mental development at 30 months, whereas one OH-PCB was negatively associated at 18 months. BDE levels were positively associated with psychomotor development. Prenatal p,p'-DDE, PCP, and HBCDD levels were not associated with neurodevelopment at 18 months.
有机卤化物（OHCs），即多氯联苯（PCBs），是广泛存在的环境污染物，已知对发育中的大脑具有神经毒性。PCBs 的羟基代谢物，即 OH-PCBs，由于其结构和对甲状腺激素代谢的干扰，可能毒性更大。我们发现，产前接触 OH-PCBs 与幼儿期的甲状腺激素代谢有关。然而，OH-PCBs 对人类的神经毒性知之甚少。
确定母体产前背景暴露于 OHCs 是否会影响儿童在 18 个月和 30 个月时的精神和运动发育。
本观察性研究纳入了 181 对健康母婴对，在荷兰进行。我们测量了母体妊娠期间 PCB-153 和三种 OH-PCBs 的水平。在队列的一部分中，我们测量了另外 9 种 PCBs 和 3 种 OH-PCBs，在另一部分中，我们测量了 5 种溴化二苯醚（BDEs）、二氯二苯二氯乙烯（p,p'-DDE）、五氯苯酚（PCP）和六溴环十二烷（HBCDD）。我们使用贝利婴幼儿发育量表第二版（BSID-II）的精神发育指数（MDI）和运动发育指数（PDI）来评估儿童的精神和运动发育（平均值=100；延迟分数<85）。
较高的产前 PCB-153 水平与 18 个月时的 MDI 延迟评分相关。其他化合物均与延迟评分无关，但 OHC 水平与 BSID-II 评分之间存在一些关联。所有 6 种 OH-PCBs 和 3 种单体 OH-PCBs（4-OH-PCB-107、3-OH-PCB-153 和 4'-OH-PCB-172）的总和与 30 个月时的 MDI 呈正相关。化合物 3'-OH-PCB-138 也呈现出类似的趋势。较高的 4-OH-PCB-187 与 18 个月时的 MDI 较低有关。我们发现，较高的 BDE-99 也存在类似的趋势。较高的 BDE 水平与 18 个月时的 PDI 较高有关。p,p'-DDE、PCP 和 HBCDD 水平与 18 个月时的 BSID-II 评分无关。
较高的产前 PCB-153 水平与 18 个月时的 MDI 延迟评分相关。其他化合物均与延迟评分无关，但 OHC 水平与 BSID-II 评分之间存在一些关联。产前 OH-PCBs 与 30 个月时的精神发育呈正相关，而一种 OH-PCB 与 18 个月时的精神发育呈负相关。BDE 水平与精神运动发育呈正相关。产前 p,p'-DDE、PCP 和 HBCDD 水平与 18 个月时的神经发育无关。
