Khan Rooh Ullah, Bashir Mohammad
Gandhara College of Pharmacy, Gandhara University, Peshawar, 25000, KPK, Pakistan.
Department of Physiology, Bannu Medical College, Bannu, KP, Pakistan.
Nutr J. 2015 Jan 26;14:13. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-14-13.
Since antiquity bitter melon has been in use for treating diabetes but clinical trials show conflicting results about its usefulness. The present study aims to asses and compare the hypoglycemic and antiatherogenic effects as well as the safety of two different doses of bitter melon with glibenclamide.
A total of 95 participants were randomized into 3 groups; group I and group II received bitter melon (2 g/day and 4 g/day respectively) and group III received glibenclamide (5 mg/day) for 10 weeks. Glycemic control and antiatherogenic effects were determined by assessing glycohemoglobin (HbA1-c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2 hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), plasma sialic acid (PSA), systolic blood pressure (SBP), blood lipids and atherogenic index at different time periods.
Compared to baseline, mean reduction in HbA1-c at the endpoint was significant among patients of group I, group II and group III (p ≤ 0.05, p ≤ 0.02 and p < 0.005 respectively) and same was the case for FPG (p ≤ 0.05, p < 0.04, p < 0.003 respectively), but the improvement in 2 hour OGTT was significant only in group III (p < 0.03). The decrease in PSA was observed only among group I and group II with the later showing significant reduction from baseline (p < 0.01). In group III, the level slightly increased. Parameters including blood lipids, atherogenic index, body weight and SBP improved among patients of group I and group II but deteriorated among group III patients.
Our study concludes that bitter melon has a weaker hypoglycemic effect but ameliorates the diabetes associated cardiovascular (CV) risk factors more effectively than glibenclamide.
The trial was registered with Naseer Teaching Hospital Clinical Trials Registry number GU2014492233.
自古以来苦瓜就被用于治疗糖尿病，但临床试验显示其疗效存在相互矛盾的结果。本研究旨在评估和比较两种不同剂量的苦瓜与格列本脲的降血糖和抗动脉粥样硬化作用以及安全性。
总共95名参与者被随机分为3组；第一组和第二组分别接受苦瓜（每天2克和4克），第三组接受格列本脲（每天5毫克），为期10周。通过在不同时间段评估糖化血红蛋白（HbA1-c）、空腹血糖（FPG）、2小时口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）、血浆唾液酸（PSA）、收缩压（SBP）、血脂和动脉粥样硬化指数来确定血糖控制和抗动脉粥样硬化作用。
与基线相比，第一组、第二组和第三组患者在终点时HbA1-c的平均降低具有显著性（分别为p≤0.05、p≤0.02和p<0.005），FPG情况相同（分别为p≤0.05、p<0.04、p<0.003），但2小时OGTT的改善仅在第三组具有显著性（p<0.03）。仅在第一组和第二组中观察到PSA降低，第二组与基线相比有显著降低（p<0.01）。在第三组中，该水平略有升高。包括血脂、动脉粥样硬化指数、体重和SBP在内的参数在第一组和第二组患者中有所改善，但在第三组患者中恶化。
我们的研究得出结论，苦瓜的降血糖作用较弱，但比格列本脲更有效地改善了与糖尿病相关的心血管（CV）危险因素。
该试验已在纳赛尔教学医院临床试验注册中心注册，注册号为GU2014492233。
