Robinson Sara M, Bostock Richard M
Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
Front Plant Sci. 2015 Jan 13;5:797. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00797. eCollection 2014.
Branched β-1,3-glucans and the eicosapolyenoic acids (EP) are among the best characterized oomycete elicitors that trigger innate immune responses in plants. These elicitors were identified over three decades ago, and they were useful in the study of the sequence of physiological, biochemical and molecular events that induce resistance in plants. However, in spite of the cross-kingdom parallels where these molecules are well-characterized as immune system modulators in animals, their perception and modes of action in plants remains obscure. Oomycetes are among the most important plant pathogens, responsible for diseases that devastate crops, ornamentals, and tree species worldwide. With the recent interest and advances in our understanding of innate immunity in plants, and the redefining of many of the classical elicitors as microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), it seems timely and important to reexamine β-glucans and EP using contemporary approaches. In this review, we highlight early studies of β-glucans and EP, discuss their roles as evolutionarily conserved signals, and consider their action in relation to current models of MAMP-triggered immunity.
分支β-1,3-葡聚糖和二十碳多烯酸（EP）是最具特征的卵菌激发子，可触发植物的先天免疫反应。这些激发子在三十多年前就已被鉴定出来，它们在研究诱导植物抗性的生理、生化和分子事件序列方面很有用。然而，尽管在跨领域中这些分子在动物中作为免疫系统调节剂已得到充分表征，但它们在植物中的识别和作用方式仍不清楚。卵菌是最重要的植物病原体之一，可导致全球范围内农作物、观赏植物和树木物种遭受病害。随着近期人们对植物先天免疫的兴趣增加以及理解的深入，并且许多经典激发子被重新定义为微生物相关分子模式（MAMP），使用当代方法重新审视β-葡聚糖和EP似乎既及时又重要。在本综述中，我们重点介绍β-葡聚糖和EP的早期研究，讨论它们作为进化保守信号的作用，并结合当前MAMP触发免疫模型考虑它们的作用。
