Bokaie Saeid, Sharifi Laleh, Mehrabadi Majid
Department of Epidemiology, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2013 Dec 18;8(1):102-7. eCollection 2014.
The Varroa destructor mite is considered as a major pest of honey bees Apis mellifera. The rapid spread of Varroa mites among bee colonies may be due to several factors, including drifting of infested bees, movement of bee swarms, and robbing of weakened colonies. Disease spread and predisposing the infested bees to other diseases lead to high economic losses in beekeeping industries. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of and evaluate some managing factors in Golestan Province in Iran in 2008.
According to the records of Agricultural Research Center, 80 infested beekeeping centers identified and a questionnaire consists of managing factors for each center has been designed. All data were recorded and analyzed by SPSS software to calculate χ(2) test.
Among 80 apiculture centers, 72 centers (92%) were infested to Varroa and hive density of 90.6% of the centers was 31-60 hives in one center (P= 0.324). All of the apiculture centers had more than 6 km distance to nearest beekeeping center (P= 0.687). Amongst bee keepers 15(93.8%) had low literacy level (P= 0.479) and 26(89.7%) had 5-10 years experience in beekeeping (P= 0.953).
We can conclude that because of the high prevalence of the disease, the usual methods of prevention are not effective. This high prevalence emphasizes that we are very far from a solution for Varroa infestation and extra researches on mite biology, tolerance breeding, and Varroa treatment is immediately required.
狄斯瓦螨被认为是西方蜜蜂的主要害虫。狄斯瓦螨在蜂群间的快速传播可能归因于多种因素，包括受感染蜜蜂的漂移、蜂群迁移以及对弱势蜂群的掠夺。疾病传播以及使受感染蜜蜂易患其他疾病导致养蜂业遭受巨大经济损失。本研究的目的是确定2008年伊朗戈勒斯坦省该病的流行情况并评估一些管理因素。
根据农业研究中心的记录，确定了80个受感染的养蜂中心，并设计了一份包含每个中心管理因素的问卷。所有数据都进行了记录，并通过SPSS软件进行分析以计算χ²检验。
在80个养蜂中心中，72个中心（92%）感染了狄斯瓦螨，90.6%的中心蜂巢密度为一个中心有31 - 60个蜂巢（P = 0.324）。所有养蜂中心距离最近的养蜂中心都超过6公里（P = 0.687）。在养蜂人中，15人（93.8%）文化水平较低（P = 0.479），26人（89.7%）有5 - 10年的养蜂经验（P = 0.953）。
我们可以得出结论，由于该病的高流行率，常规的预防方法无效。这种高流行率强调我们距离解决狄斯瓦螨侵扰问题还很遥远，迫切需要对螨生物学、耐受性育种和狄斯瓦螨治疗进行更多研究。
