a DrugMolDesign , London , United Kingdom.
b International Flavors & Fragrances, Inc. , Union Beach , New Jersey , USA.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2017 Mar 4;57(4):718-742. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2014.911142.
2,5-Diketopiperazines (2,5-DKPs) have been found to occur in a wide range of food and beverages, and display an array of chemesthetic effects (bitter, astringent, metallic, and umami) that can contribute to the taste of a variety of foods. These smallest cyclic peptides also occur as natural products and have been found to display a variety of bioactivities from antibacterial, antifungal, to anthroprotective effects and have the potential to be used in the development of new functional foods. An overview of the synthesis of these small chiral molecules and their molecular properties is presented. The occurrence, taste, and bioactivity of all simple naturally occurring 2,5-DKPs to date have been reviewed and those found in food from yeasts, fungi, and bacteria that have been used in food preparation or contamination, as well as metabolites of sweeteners and antibiotics added to food are also reviewed.
2,5-二酮哌嗪（2,5-DKPs）广泛存在于各种食品和饮料中，具有多种味觉（苦、涩、金属和鲜味），可以为各种食物增添风味。这些最小的环状肽也作为天然产物存在，并且已经发现具有多种生物活性，包括抗菌、抗真菌、抗人体组织损伤作用，并且有可能用于开发新的功能性食品。本文综述了这些小分子手性分子的合成及其分子特性。综述了迄今为止所有简单天然 2,5-DKPs 的存在、味道和生物活性，以及在食品制备或污染过程中使用的酵母、真菌和细菌中的食品，以及添加到食品中的甜味剂和抗生素的代谢物。
