Loan Hoang Kim, Cuong Nguyen Van, Takhampunya Ratree, Klangthong Kewalin, Osikowicz Lynn, Kiet Bach Tuan, Campbell James, Bryant Juliet, Promstaporn Sommai, Kosoy Michael, Hoang Nguyen Van, Morand Serge, Chaval Yannick, Hien Vo Be, Carrique-Mas Juan
1 Institute Pasteur , Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam .
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2015 Jan;15(1):40-7. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2014.1604.
A survey of Bartonella spp. from 275 rats purchased in food markets (n=150) and trapped in different ecosystems (rice field, forest, and animal farms) (n=125) was carried out during October, 2012-March, 2013, in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. The overall Bartonella spp. prevalence detected by culture and PCR in blood was 14.9% (10.7-19.1%), the highest corresponding to Rattus tanezumi (49.2%), followed by Rattus norvegicus (20.7%). Trapped rats were also investigated for the presence and type of chiggers (larvae of trombiculid mites), and Bartonella spp. were investigated on chigger pools collected from each rat by RT-PCR. A total of five Bartonella spp. were identified in rats, three of which (B. elizabethae, B. rattimassiliensis, and B. tribocorum) are known zoonotic pathogens. Among trapped rats, factors independently associated with increased prevalence of Bartonella spp. included: (1) Rat species (R. tanezumi); (2) the number of Trombiculini-Blankaartia and Schoengastiini-Ascoschoengastia mites found on rats; and (3) the habitat of the rat (i.e., forest/fields vs. animal farms). The prevalence of Bartonella infection among chiggers from Bartonella spp.-positive R. tanezumi rats was 5/25 (25%), compared with 1/27 (3.7%) among Bartonella spp.-negative R. tanezumi rats (relative risk [RR]=5.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.68-43.09). The finding of Bartonella spp.-positive chiggers on Bartonella spp.-negative rats is strongly suggestive of a transovarial transmission cycle. Rats are ubiquitous in areas of human activity and farms in the Mekong Delta; in addition, trapping and trading of rats for food is common. To correctly assess the human risks due to rat trapping, marketing, and carcass dressing, further studies are needed to establish the routes of transmission and cycle of infection. The widespread presence of these zoonotic pathogens in rats and the abundance of human-rat interactions suggest that surveillance efforts should be enhanced to detect any human cases of Bartonella infection that may arise.
2012年10月至2013年3月期间，在越南湄公河三角洲对从食品市场购买的275只大鼠（n = 150）以及在不同生态系统（稻田、森林和养殖场）捕获的大鼠（n = 125）进行了巴尔通体属细菌调查。通过培养和血液PCR检测到的巴尔通体属细菌总体患病率为14.9%（10.7 - 19.1%），其中最高的是黄毛鼠（49.2%），其次是褐家鼠（20.7%）。还对捕获的大鼠进行了恙螨（恙螨科螨类幼虫）的存在情况和类型调查，并通过RT - PCR对从每只大鼠采集的恙螨样本进行了巴尔通体属细菌调查。在大鼠中共鉴定出5种巴尔通体属细菌，其中3种（伊丽莎白巴尔通体、鼠马赛巴尔通体和三角巴尔通体）是已知的人畜共患病原体。在捕获的大鼠中，与巴尔通体属细菌患病率增加独立相关的因素包括：（1）鼠种（黄毛鼠）；（2）在大鼠身上发现的纤恙螨属 - 布兰卡尔恙螨和纤恙螨属 - 阿斯考纤恙螨的数量；（3）大鼠的栖息地（即森林/田野与养殖场）。来自巴尔通体属细菌阳性黄毛鼠的恙螨中巴尔通体感染患病率为5/25（25%），而巴尔通体属细菌阴性黄毛鼠的恙螨中患病率为1/27（3.7%）（相对风险[RR] = 5.4，95%置信区间[CI] 0.68 - 43.09）。在巴尔通体属细菌阴性大鼠身上发现巴尔通体属细菌阳性恙螨强烈提示存在经卵传播循环。在湄公河三角洲的人类活动区域和养殖场中，大鼠随处可见；此外，捕获和交易大鼠作为食物的情况很常见。为了正确评估因捕获、销售和处理大鼠尸体给人类带来的风险，需要进一步研究以确定传播途径和感染循环。这些人畜共患病原体在大鼠中的广泛存在以及人与大鼠之间频繁的互动表明，应加强监测工作以发现可能出现的任何人类巴尔通体感染病例。
