大鼠作为比利时弗拉芒地区被忽视的人畜共患巴尔通体物种的潜在宿主。
Rats as potential reservoirs for neglected zoonotic Bartonella species in Flanders, Belgium.
作者信息
Krügel Maria, Pfeffer Martin, Król Nina, Imholt Christian, Baert Kristof, Ulrich Rainer G, Obiegala Anna
机构信息
Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Julius Kühn-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forests, Vertebrate Research, Münster, Belgium.
出版信息
Parasit Vectors. 2020 May 7;13(1):235. doi: 10.1186/s13071-020-04098-y.
BACKGROUND
Bartonella spp. are vector-borne pathogens transmitted to humans via blood-sucking arthropods. Rodents such as the black rat (Rattus rattus) and Norway rat (R. norvegicus) are thought to be the main reservoirs. An infection with rodent-associated Bartonella spp. may cause severe symptoms in humans such as endocarditis and neuroretinitis. The current knowledge of Bartonella prevalence in rats from western Europe is scarce.
METHODS
Rats and a few other rodent by-catches were trapped in the context of a rodenticide resistance study at different sites in Flanders, Belgium. During dissection, biometric data were collected, and spleen tissues were taken. DNA was extracted from spleen samples and tested for Bartonella spp. by conventional generic polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To determine the Bartonella species, a selected number of amplicons were sequenced and compared with GenBank entries.
RESULTS
In total, 1123 rodents were trapped. The predominate species was R. norvegicus (99.64%). Other rodents trapped included: two water voles (Arvicola amphibius, 0.18%); one colour rat (R. norvegicus forma domestica, 0.09%); and one muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus, 0.09%). PCR analysis of 1097 rodents resulted in 410 (37.37%, 95% CI: 34.50-40.31%) Bartonella spp. DNA-positive samples. Bartonella tribocorum (94.68%, 95% CI: 88.02-98.25%) was the most frequently detected Bartonella species, followed by B. grahamii (3.19%, 95% CI: 0.66-9.04%) and B. doshiae (1.06%, 95% CI: 0.03-5.79%). An uncultured Bartonella species occurred in one water vole (1.06%, 95% CI: 0.03-5.79%). There was a significantly higher Bartonella prevalence in older rats compared to juveniles and a significant difference in Bartonella prevalence concerning the localisation of trapping sites. In contrast, there was no statistically significant difference in Bartonella prevalence regarding sex, degree of urbanisation and season.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the high prevalence found, we conclude that the Norway rat seems to be a key reservoir host for zoonotic B. tribocorum in Belgium.
背景
巴尔通体属是通过吸血节肢动物传播给人类的媒介传播病原体。黑家鼠（褐家鼠）和褐家鼠等啮齿动物被认为是主要宿主。感染与啮齿动物相关的巴尔通体属可能会在人类中引起严重症状，如心内膜炎和神经视网膜炎。目前关于西欧大鼠中巴尔通体流行情况的了解很少。
方法
在比利时弗拉芒地区不同地点进行的一项抗鼠药研究中，捕获了大鼠和其他一些啮齿动物副捕获物。解剖过程中，收集生物特征数据，并采集脾脏组织。从脾脏样本中提取DNA，通过常规通用聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测巴尔通体属。为了确定巴尔通体的种类，对选定数量的扩增子进行测序，并与GenBank条目进行比较。
结果
总共捕获了1123只啮齿动物。主要种类是褐家鼠（99.64%）。捕获的其他啮齿动物包括：两只水田鼠（两栖水田鼠，0.18%）；一只彩色大鼠（褐家鼠家养变种，0.09%）；和一只麝鼠（麝鼠，0.09%）。对1097只啮齿动物进行PCR分析，结果显示410只（37.37%，95%置信区间：34.50 - 40.31%）巴尔通体属DNA阳性样本。三部落巴尔通体（94.68%，95%置信区间：88.02 - 98.25%）是最常检测到的巴尔通体种类，其次是格雷厄姆巴尔通体（3.19%，95%置信区间：0.66 - 9.04%）和多氏巴尔通体（1.06%，95%置信区间：0.03 - 5.79%）。一种未培养的巴尔通体种类出现在一只水田鼠中（1.06%，95%置信区间：0.03 - 5.79%）。老年大鼠中的巴尔通体流行率显著高于幼年大鼠，并且捕获地点的定位与巴尔通体流行率存在显著差异。相比之下，巴尔通体流行率在性别、城市化程度和季节方面没有统计学上的显著差异。
结论
基于发现的高流行率，我们得出结论，褐家鼠似乎是比利时人畜共患三部落巴尔通体的关键宿主。
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