Kaiser Lucia L, Aguilera Alberto L, Horowitz Marcel, Lamp Catherine, Johns Margaret, Gomez-Camacho Rosa, Ontai Lenna, de la Torre Adela
1Department of Nutrition,University of California at Davis,3207 Meyer Hall,One Shields Avenue, Davis,CA 95616-5270,USA.
2University of California Cooperative Extension,Woodland,CA,USA.
Public Health Nutr. 2015 Nov;18(16):3042-50. doi: 10.1017/S1368980014003309. Epub 2015 Jan 29.
The present paper examines the influence of age and gender on food patterns of Latino children.
Data are from baseline of a 5-year, quasi-experimental obesity prevention study: Niños Sanos, Familia Sana (NSFS; Healthy Children, Healthy Families). In 2012, the researchers interviewed Latino parents, using a thirty-item questionnaire to ask about their children's food consumption and feeding practices. Statistical tests included t tests and ANCOVA.
Rural communities in California's Central Valley, USA.
Two hundred and seventeen parents (87-89% born in Mexico) and their children (aged 2-8 years).
Fifty-one per cent of the children were overweight or obese (≥85th percentile of BMI for age and gender). Mean BMI Z-scores were not significantly different in boys (1·10 (SD 1·07)) and girls (0·92 (SD 1·04); P=0·12). In bivariate analysis, children aged 2-4 years consumed fast and convenience foods less often (P=0·04) and WIC (Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children)-allowable foods more often than children aged 5-8 years (P=0·01). In ANCOVA, neither age nor gender was significantly related to food patterns. Mother's acculturation level was positively related to children's consumption of fast and convenience foods (P=0·0002) and negatively related to consumption of WIC foods (P=0·01). Providing role modelling and structure in scheduling meals and snacks had a positive effect on the vegetable pattern (P=0·0007), whereas meal skipping was associated with more frequent fast and convenience food consumption (P=0·04).
Acculturation and child feeding practices jointly influence food patterns in Latino immigrant children and indicate a need for interventions that maintain diet quality as children transition to school.
本文探讨年龄和性别对拉丁裔儿童饮食模式的影响。
数据来自一项为期5年的准实验性肥胖预防研究的基线：Niños Sanos, Familia Sana（NSFS；健康儿童，健康家庭）。2012年，研究人员对拉丁裔父母进行了访谈，使用一份包含30个条目的问卷询问他们孩子的食物消费和喂养习惯。统计检验包括t检验和协方差分析。
美国加利福尼亚州中央山谷的农村社区。
217名父母（87 - 89%出生于墨西哥）及其2至8岁的孩子。
51%的儿童超重或肥胖（BMI处于年龄和性别的第85百分位及以上）。男孩的平均BMI Z值（1.10（标准差1.07））与女孩的（0.92（标准差1.04）；P = 0.12）无显著差异。在双变量分析中，2至4岁的儿童较少食用快餐和方便食品（P = 0.04），且比5至8岁的儿童更常食用妇女、婴儿和儿童营养补充计划（WIC）允许的食品（P = 0.01）。在协方差分析中，年龄和性别与饮食模式均无显著关联。母亲的文化适应程度与孩子对快餐和方便食品的消费呈正相关（P = 0.0002），与WIC食品的消费呈负相关（P = 0.01）。在安排正餐和零食时提供榜样示范和规律安排对蔬菜摄入模式有积极影响（P = 0.0007），而不吃正餐与更频繁地食用快餐和方便食品有关（P = 0.04）。
文化适应和儿童喂养习惯共同影响拉丁裔移民儿童的饮食模式，这表明在儿童过渡到学校阶段需要采取干预措施以维持饮食质量。
