Sofos Nicholas, Xu Kehan, Dedic Emil, Brodersen Ditlev E
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10c, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10c, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
Biochimie. 2015 Jul;114:10-7. doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.01.009. Epub 2015 Jan 27.
Activation of toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems provides an important mechanism for bacteria to adapt to challenging and ever changing environmental conditions. Known TA systems are classified into five families based on the mechanisms of antitoxin inhibition and toxin activity. For type II TA systems, the toxin is inactivated in exponentially growing cells by tightly binding its antitoxin partner protein, which also serves to regulate cellular levels of the complex through transcriptional auto-repression. During cellular stress, however, the antitoxin is degraded thus freeing the toxin, which is then able to regulate central cellular processes, primarily protein translation to adjust cell growth to the new conditions. In this review, we focus on the type II TA pairs that regulate protein translation through cleavage of ribosomal, transfer, or messenger RNA.
毒素-抗毒素（TA）系统的激活为细菌适应具有挑战性且不断变化的环境条件提供了一种重要机制。已知的TA系统根据抗毒素抑制机制和毒素活性分为五个家族。对于II型TA系统，毒素在指数生长的细胞中通过紧密结合其抗毒素伴侣蛋白而失活，该抗毒素伴侣蛋白还通过转录自抑制作用来调节复合物的细胞水平。然而，在细胞应激期间，抗毒素会被降解，从而释放毒素，然后毒素能够调节细胞的核心过程，主要是蛋白质翻译，以将细胞生长调整到新的条件。在本综述中，我们重点关注通过切割核糖体RNA、转运RNA或信使RNA来调节蛋白质翻译的II型TA对。
