Espada José P, Gonzálvez María T, Orgilés Mireia, Lloret Daniel, Guillén-Riquelme Alejandro
Universidad Miguel Hernández.
Psicothema. 2015;27(1):5-12. doi: 10.7334/psicothema2014.106.
There has been an increase in adolescent substance use that has led to the development and implementation of prevention programs. New evidence is needed in order to improve them and optimize the resources. The aim of this paper is to use a meta-analysis to analyze the effectiveness of school drug prevention programs in Spain.
Twenty-one studies that evaluated drug abuse prevention programs in schools, were published between 2002 and 2013, and that met the selection criteria were identified.
Preventive program effectiveness was low ( d = 0.16), although it was higher at the follow-up ( d = 0.30). The programs were most effective in changing attitudes ( d = 0.44) towards drugs. The models of health education ( d = 0.48) and social learning ( d = 0.20) were also very effective, especially in combination with oral, written, and audiovisual support material ( d = 0.21) and the implementation of joint programs by health education professionals and faculty members ( d = 0.25).
Is possible to determine the need for more rigorous evaluations of interventions to establish useful programs.
青少年物质使用呈上升趋势，这促使了预防项目的开发与实施。为了改进这些项目并优化资源，需要新的证据。本文旨在通过荟萃分析来分析西班牙学校毒品预防项目的有效性。
确定了21项在2002年至2013年间发表的、评估学校药物滥用预防项目且符合选择标准的研究。
预防项目的有效性较低（d = 0.16），不过在随访时有效性更高（d = 0.30）。这些项目在改变对毒品的态度方面最有效（d = 0.44）。健康教育模式（d = 0.48）和社会学习模式（d = 0.20）也非常有效，特别是与口头、书面和视听辅助材料（d = 0.21）以及健康教育专业人员和教职员工联合开展项目（d = 0.25）相结合时。
有可能确定对干预措施进行更严格评估的必要性，以建立有效的项目。
