Ramani Sasirekha, Neill Frederick H, Opekun Antone R, Gilger Mark A, Graham David Y, Estes Mary K, Atmar Robert L
Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology.
Department of Medicine.
J Infect Dis. 2015 Aug 1;212(3):397-405. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiv053. Epub 2015 Jan 29.
Noroviruses are a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Mucosal and cellular immune responses remain poorly understood, with most studies of noroviruses having focused on serological responses to infection.
We used saliva, feces, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from persons who were administered Norwalk virus (NV) to characterize mucosal (salivary and fecal immunoglobulin A [IgA]) and cellular (NV-specific IgA and immunoglobulin G [IgG] antibody-secreting cells and total and NV-specific IgA and IgG memory B cells) immune responses following infection.
Prechallenge levels of NV-specific salivary IgA and NV-specific memory IgG cells correlated with protection from gastroenteritis, whereas prechallenge levels of NV-specific fecal IgA correlated with a reduced viral load. Antibody-secreting cell responses were biased toward IgA, while memory B-cell responses were biased toward IgG. NV-specific memory B cells but not antibody-secreting cells persisted 180 days after infection.
NV-specific salivary IgA and NV-specific memory IgG cells were identified as new correlates of protection against NV gastroenteritis. Understanding the relative importance of mucosal, cellular, and humoral immunity is important in developing vaccine strategies for norovirus disease prevention.
诺如病毒是全球急性胃肠炎的主要病因。黏膜和细胞免疫反应仍了解不足，大多数诺如病毒研究都集中在对感染的血清学反应上。
我们使用从接种诺沃克病毒（NV）的人身上采集的唾液、粪便和外周血单核细胞，来表征感染后黏膜（唾液和粪便免疫球蛋白A [IgA]）和细胞（NV特异性IgA和免疫球蛋白G [IgG]抗体分泌细胞以及总NV特异性和NV特异性IgA和IgG记忆B细胞）免疫反应。
攻击前NV特异性唾液IgA和NV特异性记忆IgG细胞水平与预防胃肠炎相关，而攻击前NV特异性粪便IgA水平与病毒载量降低相关。抗体分泌细胞反应偏向于IgA，而记忆B细胞反应偏向于IgG。感染后180天，NV特异性记忆B细胞持续存在，但抗体分泌细胞不存在。
NV特异性唾液IgA和NV特异性记忆IgG细胞被确定为预防NV胃肠炎的新相关因素。了解黏膜、细胞和体液免疫的相对重要性对于制定预防诺如病毒疾病的疫苗策略很重要。
