Olofsson Jill Katharina, Pereira Vania, Børsting Claus, Morling Niels
Section of Forensic Genetics, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
PLoS One. 2015 Jan 30;10(1):e0116573. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116573. eCollection 2015.
The human population in Greenland is characterized by migration events of Paleo- and Neo-Eskimos, as well as admixture with Europeans. In this study, the Y-chromosomal variation in male Greenlanders was investigated in detail by typing 73 Y-chromosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (Y-SNPs) and 17 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STRs). Approximately 40% of the analyzed Greenlandic Y chromosomes were of European origin (I-M170, R1a-M513 and R1b-M343). Y chromosomes of European origin were mainly found in individuals from the west and south coasts of Greenland, which is in agreement with the historic records of the geographic placements of European settlements in Greenland. Two Inuit Y-chromosomal lineages, Q-M3 (xM19, M194, L663, SA01 and L766) and Q-NWT01 (xM265) were found in 23% and 31% of the male Greenlanders, respectively. The time to the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) of the Q-M3 lineage of the Greenlanders was estimated to be between 4,400 and 10,900 years ago (y. a.) using two different methods. This is in agreement with the theory that the North Circumpolar Region was populated via a second expansion of humans in the North American continent. The TMRCA of the Q-NWT01 (xM265) lineage in Greenland was estimated to be between 7,000 and 14,300 y. a. using two different methods, which is older than the previously reported TMRCA of this lineage in other Inuit populations. Our results indicate that Inuit individuals carrying the Q-NWT01 (xM265) lineage may have their origin in the northeastern parts of North America and could be descendants of the Dorset culture. This in turn points to the possibility that the current Inuit population in Greenland is comprised of individuals of both Thule and Dorset descent.
格陵兰岛的人口具有古爱斯基摩人和新爱斯基摩人的迁徙事件特征，以及与欧洲人的混合特征。在本研究中，通过对73个Y染色体单核苷酸多态性（Y-SNPs）和17个Y染色体短串联重复序列（Y-STRs）进行分型，详细研究了格陵兰男性的Y染色体变异。大约40%的分析格陵兰Y染色体起源于欧洲（I-M170、R1a-M513和R1b-M343）。欧洲起源的Y染色体主要在格陵兰岛西海岸和南海岸的个体中发现，这与欧洲人在格陵兰岛定居的地理位置的历史记录一致。在23%和31%的格陵兰男性中分别发现了两种因纽特人Y染色体谱系，即Q-M3（xM19、M194、L663、SA01和L766）和Q-NWT01（xM265）。使用两种不同方法估计，格陵兰人Q-M3谱系的最近共同祖先时间（TMRCA）在4400至10900年前（y.a.）。这与北极地区是通过人类在北美大陆的第二次扩张而有人居住的理论一致。使用两种不同方法估计，格陵兰岛Q-NWT01（xM265）谱系的TMRCA在7000至14300 y.a.之间，这比之前报道的该谱系在其他因纽特人群中的TMRCA更古老。我们的结果表明，携带Q-NWT01（xM265）谱系的因纽特人个体可能起源于北美东北部，可能是多塞特文化的后裔。这反过来表明，格陵兰岛目前的因纽特人可能由图勒和多塞特血统的个体组成。
