Fischer J, Schott A, Märtin S
Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, University Hospital of Dental Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Dental, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Clin Oral Implants Res. 2016 Feb;27(2):162-6. doi: 10.1111/clr.12553. Epub 2015 Jan 30.
Sandblasting with subsequent acid etching is a potential procedure to generate microstructured surfaces on zirconia implants. The aim of the study was to systematically analyze the effect of these process steps on surface morphology and mechanical strength of the implants.
Zirconia implant blanks (ceramic.implant, VITA) were sandblasted (105-μm alumina, 6 bar), subsequently HF-etched, and finally heat-treated at 1250°C. Surface topographies were documented by SEM. Surface roughness Ra (n = 4), monoclinic volume fraction in the surface layer (n = 1), and static fracture load (n = 4) were measured.
Surface roughness Ra reached a maximum of 1.2 μm after 4× sandblasting. Scratches and sharp edges dominated the surface aspect. Fracture load increased with the number of sandblasting cycles with a gain of 30% after 20 cycles. HF etching did not change the Ra values, but sharp edges were rounded and small pits created. A minor decrease in fracture load with increasing etching time was observed. Heat treatment of 1 h reduced the fracture load by 1/3. Longer heat treatment had no further effect. The roughness Ra was not modified by heat treatment. Fracture load was strongly correlated with the monoclinic fraction except for the results obtained directly after acid etching, where a constant monoclinic fraction was observed.
Sandblasting with 105-μm alumina followed by 1 h HF etching at room temperature and 1 h heat treatment at 1250°C is a reliable and tolerant process to create a surface roughness of about Ra = 1.2 μm on zirconia implants.
喷砂后进行酸蚀是在氧化锆种植体上生成微结构表面的一种潜在方法。本研究的目的是系统分析这些工艺步骤对种植体表面形态和机械强度的影响。
氧化锆种植体坯料（ceramic.implant，维他公司）先进行喷砂处理（105μm氧化铝，6巴），随后进行氢氟酸蚀刻，最后在1250°C下进行热处理。通过扫描电子显微镜记录表面形貌。测量表面粗糙度Ra（n = 4）、表层单斜晶体积分数（n = 1）和静态断裂载荷（n = 4）。
4次喷砂后表面粗糙度Ra最高达到1.2μm。划痕和尖锐边缘在表面形貌中占主导。断裂载荷随喷砂循环次数增加，20次循环后增加了30%。氢氟酸蚀刻未改变Ra值，但尖锐边缘变圆并产生小坑。观察到随着蚀刻时间增加，断裂载荷略有下降。1小时的热处理使断裂载荷降低了1/3。更长时间的热处理没有进一步影响。热处理未改变粗糙度Ra。除酸蚀后直接获得的结果（观察到单斜晶分数恒定）外，断裂载荷与单斜晶分数密切相关。
先用105μm氧化铝喷砂，然后在室温下进行1小时氢氟酸蚀刻，再在1250°C下进行1小时热处理，是在氧化锆种植体上产生约Ra = 1.2μm表面粗糙度的可靠且宽容的工艺。
